MOBILLITY OF HEAVY METAL (PB AND CR) INMAIZE (ZEEMAYS) GROWN AROUND MAIGANGA COAL MINING SITE GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA

This study investigates the mobility of heavy metals, specifically lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg), in maize cultivation areas surrounding the Maiganga mining site in Gombe State, Nigeria. Heavy metal contamination in soil, water, and maize plants poses significant environmental and human health risks, particularly in regions adjacent to mining activities. The aim of this research is to assess the extent of heavy metal pollution in agricultural ecosystems and its potential implications for food safety and environmental sustainability. Soil samples were collected from multiple sites within the study area and analyzed for heavy metal concentrations using standardized methods. Surface water samples from rivers, streams, and ponds were also collected and analyzed to evaluate water quality. Maize plant samples were harvested at different growth stages to assess heavy metal uptake and accumulation in plant tissues. The results indicate elevated concentrations of heavy metals in soil and surface water samples, with lead and cadmium levels exceeding regulatory limits in some areas. Arsenic and mercury were also detected at varying concentrations, highlighting the widespread contamination of environmental media in the study area. Maize plants exhibited differential uptake patterns of heavy metals, with higher concentrations observed in roots compared to above-ground biomass. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between soil and plant heavy metal concentrations, indicating the influence of soil contamination on metal uptake by maize plants. These findings underscore the importance of soil management practices in mitigating contamination risks and ensuring food safety. Additionally, the study emphasizes the need for comprehensive monitoring programs to assess environmental contamination levels and guide remediation efforts in agricultural ecosystems affected by heavy metal pollution. Based on the findings, several recommendations are proposed to address heavy metal contamination in maize cultivation areas near mining sites. These include enhanced monitoring programs, improved waste management practices, promotion of sustainable soil management techniques, and public awareness campaigns to educate farmers and local communities about the risks associated with heavy metal pollution. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the dynamics of heavy metal contamination in maize cultivation areas adjacent to mining activities. Effective management strategies are essential to mitigate contamination risks and safeguard environmental and human health in these vulnerable ecosystems.