PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ARTEMISIA LEAF EXTRACT AGAINST SELECTED GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA.

The five organic solvent extracts of Artemisia were screened for the potential antimicrobial activity against two microorganisms Escherichia coli and Salmonella and clinically important standard reference bacterial strains. Artemisia, whose species are better known as mugwort and wormwood, is a diverse assemblage of more than 400 species. They are found on every continent except Antarctica and in every state of the United States. Various parts of Artemisia species have been used as medicines/treatments in traditional herbal medicine and may be more informative for future use in the control of plant pathogens as well as in clinical treatment as natural antimicrobial agents.To determine the physicochemical analysis, phytochemical content, antibacterial activity against selected gram-negative bacteria and determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Artemisia leaf extract.The antibacterial activity of Artemisia extracts against Salmonella and Escherichia coli was investigated using the agar disk diffusion method. Using the two-fold agar dilution procedure, the plant extracts' MIC was determined at values ranging from 100 to 6. 25. To find the main phytochemical compounds in Artemisia, extracts underwent phytochemical screening. Gram-negative bacteria were inhibited by all of the extracts. The extract demonstrated a higher inhibitory activity against Salmonella and Escherichia coli, and it was found to be effective against both bacterial strains with a low MIC of 12. 5. By using phytochemical screening, extracts were screened for major derivatives of glycosides, cardenoloides, steroids, flavonoids and carotenoids. In conclusion, Artemisia It is a aromatic medicinal plant used in traditional medicine since ancient times, most especially for its antimicrobial, antimalarial etc. Studies have shown that Artemisia leaf extracts contains phytochemicals such as saponins, tannins, flavonoids, and glycosides with different bioactivities. Javid et al. showed in his study. The plant has potential as a source of therapeutic compounds to combat bacterial diseases in humans (Naveed et al. 2018) and plants (Ravn et al. 1989) pathogens.