BIOEFFICACY OF NEEM TREE (AZARDIRACHTA INDICA) SEED POWDER AGAINST ADULT HOUSEFLY (MUSCA DOMESTICA)

Houseflies (Musca domestica) are significant vectors of pathogens, necessitating effective control strategies. Synthetic insecticides, though widely used, pose environmental and health risks, and insecticide resistance has become a major challenge. This study evaluates the insecticidal potential of neem (Azadirachta indica) kernel powder and oil as eco-friendly alternatives. The study was conducted in the Biology Laboratory of Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina. Houseflies were reared under controlled conditions, and neem kernel powder and oil were prepared and tested at various concentrations. Adulticidal bioassays were performed following WHO guidelines, with mortality rates recorded at 24, 48, and 72 hours post-exposure. Data were analyzed using ANOVA in SPSS software. Results demonstrated that both neem kernel powder and oil exhibited significant insecticidal properties against houseflies. Mortality rates increased with higher concentrations and prolonged exposure. At 72 hours, all neem treatments achieved 100% mortality, confirming their efficacy. Neem oil exhibited slightly higher effectiveness compared to neem powder. This study highlights neem-based insecticides as promising alternatives to synthetic chemicals. The bioactive compound azadirachtin disrupts the molting process, leading to insect mortality while minimizing environmental risks. Neem’s biodegradability and selective toxicity make it suitable for integrated pest management. Keywords: Musca domestica, neem (Azadirachta indica), insecticide, bio-pesticide, pest control, environmental safety