DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF LOW-COST ASSISTIVE DEVICE FOR STUDENTS WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS IN MINNA, NIGER STATE

This study designed and evaluated a low-cost assistive device (Smart Walking Stick) to enhance mobility, independence, and educational access for students with visual impairments in Minna, Niger State. Guided by a developmental research design based on the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation), the study employed both quantitative and qualitative methods. Data were collected using questionnaires and observation checklists from 30 participants comprising visually impaired students, special education teachers, and administrators. Results revealed that assistive technology usage in schools was low, with limited availability (50%) and inadequate training (63.3%). Cost was identified as a major limiting factor (83.4%), emphasizing the need for affordable solutions. The developed device was rated highly functional, with users demonstrating improved navigation, comfort, and reliability in real school settings. Observation data indicated that the device enabled safe, independent movement with minimal assistance. Furthermore, 83.3% of respondents agreed that the device enhanced confidence, independence, and inclusion within the school environment. The findings indicate that low-cost, contextually designed assistive technologies can significantly improve educational accessibility and mobility for visually impaired learners. The study recommends scaling up production and integrating such technologies into special education programs for greater impac