PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF N- HEXANE EXTRACT OF GARCINIA KOLA SEED ON SOME SELECTED CLINICAL PATHOGENS

This study explores the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of ethanol and N-hexane extracts of Garcinia kola (orogbo) seeds. Phytochemical screening revealed that the ethanol extract contained key bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, and triterpenoids, which are known for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The Quantitative phytochemical composition of Orogbo (bitter seed), revealing the presence of alkaloids (3.4%), flavonoids (3.8%), saponins (1.5%), phenols (2.8%), and tannins (2.4%). Flavonoids were the most abundant phytochemical, suggesting strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. Alkaloids and tannins contribute to the plant’s antimicrobial and wound-healing properties, while saponins and phenols enhance its antioxidant and immune-boosting effects.The ethanol extract demonstrated moderate antimicrobial activity against pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiela pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, suggesting potential for use in infection control. In antioxidant assays, the extract showed significant free radical scavenging activity, indicative of its ability to mitigate oxidative stress, which contributes to chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. These findings position Garcinia kola seed as a source of natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents, with promising applications in therapeutic and preventive health care. Further research on the active compounds and in vivo studies are recommended to fully harness its potential benefits. : Garcinia kola, antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging, antimicrobial properties, phytochemicals.