SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING ON MARKET PERFORMANCE OF NIGERIAN BOTTLING COMPANY, ABA.

i CLONING OF HEWELT PACKARD LASER JET P2055d PRINTER BY OBUNG, MONDAY ITA 18047288 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING HERITAGE POLYTECHNIC, IKOT, UDOTA, EKET. AKWA IBOM STATE JULY, 2025 ii CLONING OF HEWELT PACKARD LASER JET P2055d PRINTER BY OBUNG, MONDAY ITA 18047288 BEING A PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, HERITAGE POLYTECHNIC, IKOT, UDOTA, EKET. AKWA IBOM STATE IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA (HND) IN ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING JULY, 2025 iii CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this research project is an authentic record of work carried out by OBUNG, MONDAY ITA with Registration number (18047288) under my supervision. It has been read and approved as having met the requirements of the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Metropolitan Polytechnic, Atan Offot, Uyo, for the award of Higher National Diploma (HND) in Electrical and Electronics Engineering. iv DECLARATION We hereby declare that this project entitled ‘CLONING OF HEWELT PACKARD LASER JET P2055d PRINTER ’has been written by me and that it is the record of my own research work. It has not been presented in any previous application for a higher degree. All sources of information are specifically acknowledged using references. OBUNG, MONDAY ITA JULY. 2025 v DEDICATION This project is dedicated to God Almighty who granted us favour before Him and men . vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In carrying out this Project work, I have been assisted directly or indirectly by a number of people. Though it will be impossible to mention all of them, few deserved to be singled out. I appreciate my able and capable supervisor who despite his tight schedule made out time to read through the manuscript at different stages and provided all the necessary corrections in this write up. Also his direction, constructive criticism and useful suggestions made this research work a reality. We wish to acknowledge our dynamic Head of Department in person of Engr. Samuel Effiong, MNSE in his effort to pilot the affairs of the Department of Electrical/ Electronic Engineering. Our profound appreciation also goes to our amiable and caring parent, for laying this foundation for us, we equally thank our brothers and sisters, Cousin friends for their encouragements love support and prayer. Our special thanks and appreciation goes to our course lecturers who imparted knowledge and wisdom to us, whose name are too numerous to mention. vii ABSTRACT This project work piece is to Clone Hewelt Packard Laser Jet P2055d Printer with complete functionality, the work begin by purchasing all the part at separate level and re assembly. Over the year, it has become easier to work on and even build your own printer system. Truly the world today has turn to be a computerized village, in spite of this what are individual doing to meet up the demands of their kind of computer system in terms of performance and productivity. Our research, the first that deals entirely with customized coupling of a printer system prompts this suggestion that a computer system should be a customized coupled one in other to enhance the performance and productivity of any user. our research characterizes the goals that computer professional users are not performing maximally on a ready-made printer systems compare to a customized coupled printer system, which suits their specifications and actually enhances their ability to achieve their desired goals. Therefore, these initial findings provide the basis for customized coupled of printer system. viii TABLE OF CONTENT Cover page - - - - - - - - - - -i Title page - - - - - - - - - - -ii Approval Page - - - - - - - - - -iii Certification - - - - - - - - - -iv Declaration - - - - - - - - - -v Dedication- - - - - - - - - - - -vi Acknowledgment - - - - - - - - - -vii Abstract - - - - - - - - - - -viii Table of Content - - - - - - - - - -ix List of Figure - - - - - - - - - - -xii List of Table - - - - - - - - - - -xiii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.0 Background of the Study - - - - - - - -1 1.2 Statement of the Study - - - - - - - - -1 1.3 Objective of the Study - - - - - - - - -2 1.4 Scope of the Study - - - - - - - - -2 1.5 Limitation of the Study - - - - - - - - -2 1.6 Motivation - - - - - - - - - -3 1.7 Organisation of the Study - - - - - - - -3 CHAPTER TWO :REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.0 Printer - - - - - - - - - - -4 2.1 Printer Interfaces - - - - - - - - - -4 2.2 Benefits and Uses of a Printer - - - - - - -5 ix 2.3 Types of Printers - - - - - - - - -5 2.4 Definition of 3D Printer - - - - - - - - -6 2.4.1 Working Principle of 3D Printer - - - - - - -6 2.4.2 Application of 3D Printers - - - - - - - -6 2.5 AIO (All-in-One) Printer - - - - - - - -- -7 2.5.1 Advantages of All-in-One Devices - - - - - - -7 2.6 Dot Matrix Printer - - - - - - - - -8 2.7 Inkjet Printer - - - - - - - - - -9 2.8 The Pros of Using Inkjet Printers - - - - - - - -10 2.9 Laser Printer - - - - - - - - - -11 2.9.1 Difference Between Laser Printer And Inkjet Printer - - - - -12 2.10 LED (Light-Emitting Diode) Printer - - - - - - -14 2.11 MFP (Multifunction Printer) - - - - - - - -15 2.11.1 Merit of a Multifunction Printer - - - - - - -15 2.12 Plotter - - - - - - - - - - -16 2.12.1 Uses Plotter Printers - - - - - - - - -17 2.12.2 Types of Plotters - - - - - - - - -17 2.12.3 Features of Plotter - - - - - - - - -18 2.13 Thermal Printer - - - - - - - - - -19 CHAPTER THREE : METHODOLOGY 3.0 Cloning of Hewelt Packard Laser Jet P2055d Printer Engine Control System -21 3.1 HP LaserJet P2055d Series Printers Image - - - - - -24 3.2 Control Panel (HP LaserJet P2050 Series Printers only) - - - - -26 x 3.3 Working Steps of HP LaserJet P2050 Series Printers - - - - -27 3.4 Block Diagram of HP LaserJet P2050 Series Printers - - - - -30 3.5 Internal of HP LaserJet P2050 Series Printers - - - - - -31 CHAPTER FOUR: MAINTENANCE, INSTALLATION AND EVALUATION 4.0 Maintenance - - - - - - - - - -33 4.1 Supply Replacement Guidelines - - - - - - -34 4.2 Redistribute Toner - - - - - - - - -34 4.3 Change the Print Cartridge - - - - - - - -35 4.4 Installation / Usage - - - - - - - - -37 4.5 Factors That Affect Product Performance - - - - - -39 4.6 Basic Problem Solving - - - - - - - - -40 4.7 Bill of Engineering Measurements and Evaluation (BEME) - - - -43 CHAPTER FIVE : SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 5.0 Summary - - - - - - - - - - -45 5.1 Conclusion - - - - - - - - - -45 5.2 Recommendation - - - - - - - - -45 REFERENCE - - - - - - - - - - -47 xi LIST OF FIGURE FIGURE PAGE 2.0: Image of 3D Printer - - - - - - - - -7 2.1: Image of All-in-One Devices Printer - - - - - - -8 2.2: Image of Dot Matrix Printer - - - - - - - -8 2.3: Internal Structure of Inkjet Printer - - - - - - -9 2.4: Principle of Internal Inkjet Printer Cartridges - - - - - -10 2.5: Image of Inkjet Printer Cartridges - - - - - - -11 2.6: Image of USB WIFI Laser Printer - - - - - - -12 2.7 : LED (Light-Emitting Diode) Printer - - - - - - -14 2.8 : Image of Multifunction Printer - - - - - - - -16 2.9 : Image of Multifunction Printer - - - - - - - -16 2.10: Image of Thermal Printer - - - - - - - -20 3.0: Engine control system - - - - - - - - -21 3.1: DC controller - - - - - - - - - -22 3.2: Low-voltage power supply - - - - - - - -23 3.3: High-voltage power supply - - - - - - - -24 3.4: Front View of HP LaserJet P2055d Series Printers - - - - -25 3.5: Rear view of HP LaserJet P2055d Series Printers - - - - -26 3.6 : Interface ports of HP LaserJet P2055d Series Printers - - - - -26 3.8 : HP LaserJet P2050 Series Printers Tray 1 Direction of Opening - - -28 3.9 : HP LaserJet P2050 Series Printers Tray 1 Displaying - - - -28 3.10 : HP LaserJet P2050 Series Printers Tray 2 Displaying - - - -29 3.11 : Paper Jam-release Door of HP LaserJet P2050 Series Printers - - -30 3.12: Internal Structure of HP LaserJet P2050 Series Printers - - - -31 4.0 : Real Image of HP LaserJet P2055dn Printer - - - - - -44 xii LIST OF TABLE TABLE PAGE 2.0: Difference Between Laser Printer And Inkjet Printer - - - - -12 3.0: Control Panel for HP LaserJet P2050 Series Printers - - - - -27 4.0: Basic Problem Solving - - - - - - - -40 4.1: Bill of Engineering Measurements and Evaluation (BEME) - - - -43 xiii 1 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0 Background of the Study An assembled printer is much easier to repair in case of damage. Since you assembled the whole computer from the scratch, you have more knowledge on the components and layout. You can easily detect problems and where they are coming so easily. Building and assembling a printer system, gives maximum satisfaction to the user and a very rewarding experience. To Assembles printer, we the users/builders of such systems are probably contemplating building or assembling a printer instead of purchasing one pre-built or pre-assembled. This project is to enlighten us on how an Electrical students can build a printer with less stress and less amount of money, and how the printer built can meet up with the processing requirement of the school Laboratory (Doris, 2021). This research has managed to purchase the Sub-Assembly computer components and couple it to make a complete printer system that could rival the performance of the branded version. Building the printer system on this research embarks on gathering different components/devices of printer system together in other to make a well functioning printer system available to the Electrical laboratory. and to enable students to be more familiar to each components of the computer system. 1.2 Statement of the Study This work intends to clone and assembly a functional HP LaserJet P2055dn Printer. Hence, the problems involved in cloning a printer would be solved to ensure efficient and reliable long-term operation. The work will implement a common assembly rules on a global basis which will be designed and through structured methodology applicable in all phases of printer production including inkjet type, due to high cost of material and economic instability, where a piece of hard 2 copy material is printer for has high of two hundred naira and above, it pertinent to clone a printer system to tamed the challenged of high cost of purchasing one (Eckert, 2012 ). 1.3 Objective of the Study The main objective is to build well functioning computer with purpose of: i. Identifying printer components and how they fit and work together. ii. Understanding the internal and hardware workings of a printer. iii. Learning printer hardware terminology and geek-speak iv. Ability to customize a printer according to specialized specifications. v. Building and assembling printer system from components, vi. The satisfaction of a job well-done vii. Gathering technical problem solving ability. viii. Reduce the cost of buying new printer system ix. Technical problem solving ability. 1.4 Scope of the Study The main scope of the study is to clone or assemble a functional HP LaserJet P2055dn Printer and to show how printer system could be purchased in parts, assembled and installed with required software to match a given configuration for the use in the laboratory. 1.5 Limitation of the Study The limitation are : i. Higher initial setup cost ii. Higher maintenance costs due to extra electronic components iii. The setting of plant variables requires a high skill level 3 iv. Less efficient where high duty cycle requirements are necessary 1.6 Motivation Our motivation grow in the view that, we have passion to know the functions of each and every components of the printer and to be able to build a functioning printer system that will be capable to be use in any school laboratories. 1.7 Organisation of the Study The entire project is arranged in sections to allow proper report presentation and understanding. The first chapter: the introduction; defines some important concepts on the project and gives a brief description of the problems in the society, this also contains the objectives, scope and limitations of the project. The second chapter is the review of related literature which describes briefly the history and classification of developed fault location method. Chapter Three highlight methodology. Chapter Four highlight on the implementation and testing. Chapter Five is all about the conclusions and recommendations. 4 CHAPTER TWO REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.0 Printer Printer is an electronic device that accepts text files or images from a computer and transfers them to a medium such as paper or film. It can be connected directly to the computer or indirectly via a network. Printers are classified as impact printers (in which the print medium is physically struck) and non-impact printers. Most impact printers are dot-matrix printers, which have a number of pins on the print head that emerge to form a character. Non-impact printers fall into three main categories: laser printers use a laser beam to attract toner to an area of the paper; ink-jet printers spray a jet of liquid ink; and thermal printers transfer wax-based ink or use heated pins to directly imprint an image on specially treated paper. Important printer characteristics include resolution (in dots per inch), speed (in sheets of paper printed per minute), colour (full-colour or black-and-white), and cache memory (which affects the speed at which a file can be printed) (Eckert, 2012 ). 2.1 Printer Interfaces There are a few different ways a printer can connect to and communicate with a computer (referred to as interfaces). Today, the most common connection types are by USB (universal serial bus) cable (wired) or via Wi-Fi (wireless). Below is a full list of cables and interfaces used to connect a computer to a printer. i. Cat 5 ii. Fire wire iii. MPP-1150 iv. Parallel port v. SCSI (small computer system interface) 5 vi. Serial port vii. USB (universal serial bus) viii. Wi-Fi 2.2 Benefits and Uses of a Printer Each type of printer has different types of uses. Examples of more frequent uses of printers include the following. (Egbere, 2008). 3-D printer i. Print tools or parts needed to build something. ii. Print replacement parts for something broken. iii. Print toys for children. iv. Print objects to be sold. Inkjet printer i. Print a copy of a document for school. ii. Print a paper that can be physically signed. iii. Print colored pictures that can be viewed without a monitor or mobile device. iv. Print receipts for purchases made online. Laser printer i. Quickly print hundreds of text documents or pages. ii. Print hard copies of professional or legal documents 2.3 Types of Printers Below are different types of computer printers. Today, the most common printers are inkjet and laser printers. i. 3D Printer 6 ii. AIO (All-in-One) printer iii. Dot matrix printer iv. Inkjet printer v. Laser printer vi. LED (light-emitting diode) printer vii. MFP (multifunction printer) viii. Plotter ix. Thermal printer 2.4 Definition of 3D Printer 3D printer is a device that creates a physical object from a digital model by layering materials (e.g., filament). 3D printers use polymers, plastics, metal alloys, or food ingredients (Egbere, 2008). 2.4.1 Working Principle of 3D Printer An object's design usually begins in a CAD (Computer-Aided Design) software system, where its blueprint is created. The blueprint is then sent from the CAD system to the printer in an STL (stereolithography) file format. The printer then reads the blueprint in cross sections and recreates the object layer-by-layer, as it appears in the CAD ( French, 2022). 2.4.2 Application of 3D Printers 3D printers are used in many industries, like aerospace engineering, dentistry, archaeology, biotechnology, and information systems. For example, a 3D printer might be used in archaeology to physically reconstruct ancient artifacts that were damaged over time. 7 Figure 2.0: Image of 3D Printer ( French, 2022). 2.5 AIO (All-in-One) Printer Alternatively called a MFP (MultiFunction Printer or multifunction peripheral), AIO is short for All- In-One. AIO describes a hardware device such as an All-in-One printer that is a printer, fax, and scanner all in one device. The picture shows a Samsung All-in-One printer that is a fax, laser printer, sheetfed scanner, and flatbed scanner ( French, 2022). 2.5.1 Advantages of All-in-One Devices i. Take up less desk space and room (smaller footprint) by combining multiple devices (e.g., fax, printer, scanner) into one device. ii. Fewer cords. Since the printer and the scanner are one device, the AIO only requires one power cord and usually one data cable. For example, a USB (Universal Serial Bus) cable 8 Figure 2.1: Image of All-in-One Devices Printer ( French, 2022). 2.6 Dot Matrix Printer A dot matrix is a 2-dimensional patterned array, used to represent characters, symbols and images. Most types of modern technology use dot matrices for display of information, including mobile phones, televisions, and printers. The system is also used in textiles with sewing, knitting and weaving. Figure 2.2: Image of Dot Matrix Printer ( French, 2022). 9 2.7 Inkjet Printer An inkjet printer is a computer peripheral that produces hard copies of a text document or photo by spraying droplets of ink onto paper. Figure 2.3: Internal Structure of Inkjet Printer (Macht, 1998) 10 Figure 2.4: Principle of Internal Inkjet Printer Cartridges (Macht, 1998) 2.8 The Pros of Using Inkjet Printers The principal advantage of inkjet printers is the fact that most of them are inexpensive. 11 Inkjet printers are often given away at computer superstores along with the purchase of a personal computer or substantial peripheral. Even the cheapest inkjet printers are satisfactory for most of the needs of personal computer users. High-end inkjet printers can render digital images on special paper, with quality that rivals professionally produced glossy or matte photographs. Another advantage of inkjet printers is their lightweight and modest desktop footprint. Many models are easy to transport and are preferred by traveling salespeople for this reason alone. Figure 2.5: Image of Inkjet Printer Cartridges (Michael, 2008) 2.9 Laser Printer A laser printer is a popular type of computer printer that uses a non-impact photocopier. Laser printing is an electrostatic digital printing process. It produces high-quality text and graphics (and moderate-quality photographs) by repeatedly passing a laser beam back and forth over 12 a negatively charged cylinder called a "drum" to define a differentially charged image. The drum then selectively collects electrically charged powdered ink (toner), and transfers the image to paper, which is then heated to permanently fuse the text, imagery, or both, to the paper. As with digital photocopiers, laser printers employ a xerographic printing process. Laser printing differs from traditional xerography as implemented in analog photocopiers in that in the latter, the image is formed by reflecting light off an existing document onto the exposed drum (Michael, 2008) Figure 2.6: Image of USB WIFI Laser Printer (Michael, 2008) 2.9.1 Difference Between Laser Printer And Inkjet Printer Both laser and inkjet printers are widely used in several applications in offices and homes. However, there are many differences between them that are listed in the following table – Table 2.0: Difference Between Laser Printer And Inkjet Printer (Michael, 2008) Basis of Difference Laser Printer Inkjet Printer Definition A printer that uses laser and dry ink to print the information onto paper is A printer that uses wet ink and nozzle assembly to produce the output onto 13 called laser printer. paper is called the inkjet printer. Ink used A laser printer uses dry ink powder (called tonner). An inkjet printer uses wet ink or ink in the form of liquid. Cartridge Laser printer uses tonner-cartridge. Inkjet printer uses ink-cartridge. Nozzle Laser printers do not have nozzles. Inkjet printers have nozzles to spray the ink onto paper. Color printing Laser printers cannot produce color prints. With inkjet printers, color printing is possible. Quality of black & white print Laser printers produce high quality and clean black and white printer than the inkjet printers. The quality of black and white prints produced by inkjet printers is comparatively low. Print speed Laser printers are faster than inkjet printers. They can print about 20 to 75 pages per minute. The print speed of inkjet printers is less, they usually print about 5 to 40 pages per minute. Print output Laser printers can handle high- volume printing. Inkjet printers cannot handle high-volume printing. Tray capacity The tray capacity of laser printer is comparatively high, about 250 sheets of paper. Inkjet printers have low tray capacity about 50 to 100 sheets of paper. Efficiency The efficiency of laser printer is relatively high. Inkjet printers are less efficient than laser printers. Cost per page Laser printers have low cost per page. The cost per page for an inkjet printer is high. Printer size Laser printers are generally larger in size. The size of inkjet printers is relatively smaller. Cost Laser printers are expensive. Inkjet printers are relatively less expensive. Examples Examples of popular laser printers are HP LaserJet printer, Brother’s DCP- B7500D printer, etc. Examples of popular inkjet printers are: Epson L361, Epson L130, HP Deskjet 1112, etc. 14 2.10 LED (Light-Emitting Diode) Printer An LED printer is a type of computer printer similar to a laser printer. Such a printer uses a light- emitting diode (LED) array as a light source in the print head instead of the laser used in laser printers and, more generally, in the xerography process. The LED bar pulse-flashes across the entire page width and produces the image on the print drum or belt as it moves past. LEDs are more efficient and reliable than conventional laser printers, since they have fewer moving parts, allowing for less mechanical wear. Depending on design, LED printers can have faster rates of print than some laser-based designs, and are generally cheaper to manufacture. In contrast to LED printers, laser printers require combinations of rotating mirrors and lenses that must remain in alignment throughout their use. The LED print head has no moving parts, and the individual assemblies tend to be more compact (Michael, 2008.) Figure 2.7 : LED (Light-Emitting Diode) Printer (Neumann, 2016) 15 2.11 MFP (Multifunction Printer) A multifunction printer (also known as an MFP) is a piece of office equipment or machinery that serves the primary purpose of copying and printing documents. 2.11.1 Merit of a Multifunction Printer i. Energy Efficiency One significant advantage of purchasing a multifunction printer is the fact that many efficiently use power. They enter energy-saving mode when not in use. ii. Office Space Efficiency An office can replace 3-4 normal printers with one multifunction printer. These printers function so fast and efficiently that numerous teams and departments can use a single machine. iii. Workplace Efficiency Having one device that can print, scan, copy, and fax streamlines business operations, especially because multifunction printers complete all these print jobs fast. A variety of finishing options such as stapling and folding mean that projects can get completed faster without the need for manual finishing or having to wait on an external printing company to finish the job. Multifunction printers also let businesses streamline processes by enabling remote printing needs. By printing from a wireless or mobile device, print jobs can be completed with ease. iv. Cost Efficiency Multifunction printers can save your company money in a few ways. Their energy efficiency not only helps the environment but also reduces the strain to your company's monthly electricity bill. Additionally, since these printers can replace the need for multiple printers in the office, reduced overall maintenance is needed, which lowers service costs. 16 Multifunction printers make it easier to digitize documents, which can save you money spent on future print jobs (Neumann, 2016) Figure 2.8 : Image of Multifunction Printer (Neumann, 2016) 2.12 Plotter A plotter is a printer that interprets commands from a computer to make line drawings on paper Figure 2.9 : Image of Multifunction Printer (Tektronix, 2012) 17 2.12.1 Uses Plotter Printers i. Architecture and Engineering Architects and engineers usually use plotter printers for the accuracy and precision the printers provide. Also, technical drawings, maps, orthophotos, and renderings are just a few of the MCAD and construction applications that architects and engineers can retrieve from plotter printers. ii. Cartography and GIS Given their ability to print in large format, plotter printers are also used for cartography and GIS (geographic information system). Plotters can produce high-quality maps with great exactness. iii. Fashion and Textile Design In the fashion and textile industry, a plotter machine can simultaneously print designs and cut fabrics. Plotter machines are typically found in several large-scale clothing sectors due to their capacity for large-scale printing. iv. Manufacturing and prototyping Before devoting time and resources to full-scale production, the plotter printers allow individuals working in the manufacturing field to display and test the product concept. (Neumann, 2016) 2.12.2 Types of Plotters i. Pen Plotters Pen plotters are frequently seen using colorful pens that have multiple colored inks inside of them. When used with a pen and holder, this ink creates multicolored graphics and designs of the highest quality. ii. Inkjet Plotters Inkjet plotters move the colored inkjet pens utilizing vector graphics technology and inkjet printer technology to deliver ink beads in a variety of colors to the drawing surface. 18 iii. Thermal Plotters Every industry that demands high-quality designs and products uses this Thermal Plotter, which is a well-known plotter. An electrical pin, created by heat and used to help build images and designs as output, is needed to produce output. iv. Cutting Plotters This cutting plotter is a sizable cutting tool that facilitates the creation of massive graphic drawings and vinyl lettering. These plotters have a computer system attached to them that aids in the creation of drawings. They also have automatic plotter knives that, when placed on a flat surface, cut the sheet. The development and production of excellent graphics, banners, vehicle designs, billboards, and sign creation, among others are widely done using these plotters. v. Drum Plotters Drum plotters use pens that move to produce the opposite direction of the plot while drawing on paper that is wound around a rotating drum. 2.12.3 Features of Plotter i. Precision and Accuracy Plotter printers are renowned for producing fine, complicated cut lines and high-quality prints. Because plotter printers use vector pictures, the size of the image has no bearing on the printing quality. Depending on the file size and definition, wide-format printers can generate work of varying quality. ii. Large-Format Capabilities Plotters are employed in a variety of MCAD and construction-related applications, such as technical drawings, maps, ortho-photographs, and renderings. Any application that gains from clear text and exact lines on a larger, single-sheet output can profit from a large format plotter. In other words, 19 plotters are sometimes referred to as " wide format printers " by businesses because they print on a significantly wider surface. iii. Multiple Color Options Inkjet plotters move the colored inkjet pens utilizing vector graphics technology and inkjet printer technology to deliver ink beads in a variety of colors to the drawing surface. iv. Print Speed Depending on the plotter’s resolution, plotters may plot at a pace of 6 to 32 mm/s. v. Durability and Reliability High-quality printouts and accurate, detailed cut lines are hallmarks of plotter printers. The quality of printing is unaffected by the size of the image because plotter printers employ vector images, which can be either huge or little. The file size and definition have an impact on the quality of the work that wide format printers can generate. This makes plotters a durable and reliable option for many. vi. Automated Maintenance and Self-Calibration Features Automated maintenance and self-calibration features are essential components to look for in plotter printers. Those features guarantee flawless printing from your printer, free of gaps, streaks, and misalignments. Also, by preventing unnecessary revisions and reprints, it saves you paper and ink. 2.13 Thermal Printer Thermal printing (or direct thermal printing) is a digital printing process which produces a printed image by passing paper with a thermo chromic coating, commonly known as thermal paper, over a print head consisting of tiny electrically heated elements. The coating turns black in the areas where it is heated, producing an image (Tektronix, 2012) Most thermal printers are monochrome (black and white) although some two-color designs exist. 20 Thermal-transfer printing is a different method, using plain paper with a heat-sensitive ribbon instead of heat-sensitive paper, but using similar print heads. A thermal printer typically contains at least these components: i. Thermal head: Produces heat to create an image on the paper ii. Platen: A rubber roller which moves the paper iii. Spring: Applies pressure to hold the paper and print head together Figure 2.10: Image of Thermal Printer (Tektronix, 2012) 21 CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY 3.0 Cloning of Hewelt Packard Laser Jet P2055d Printer Engine Control System The engine control system coordinates all product functions, according to commands sent from the formatter. It drives the laser/scanner system, the image-formation system, and the pickup/feed/delivery system. The engine control system contains the following components: i. DC controller ii. Low-voltage power supply iii. High-voltage power supply Figure 3.0: Engine control system i. DC controller The DC controller controls the operational sequence of the product 22 Figure 3.1: DC controller ii. Low-Voltage Power Supply 23 Figure 3.2: Low-voltage power supply iii. High-voltage power supply 24 Figure 3.3: High-voltage power supply 3.1 HP LaserJet P2055d Series Printers Image i. Front View 1. Tray 1 (pull to open) 2. Top output bin 3. Control panel 4. Print-cartridge-door release button 25 5. On/off switch 6 Tray 2 7 Print-cartridge door Figure 3.4: Front View of HP LaserJet P2055d Series Printers ii. Rear view Figure 3.5: Rear view of HP LaserJet P2055d Series Printers 1. Jam-release door (pull the green handle to open) 2. Straight-through paper path (pull to open) 26 3. Interface ports 4. Power connection 5. Slot for a cable-type security lock iii Interface ports 1. Hi-Speed USB 2.0 port 2. Parallel port Figure 3.6 : Interface ports of HP LaserJet P2055d Series Printers 3.2 Control Panel (HP LaserJet P2050 Series Printers only) Use the control panel to obtain product and job status information and to configure the product Figure 3.7 : Control Panel for HP LaserJet P2050 Series Printers 27 Table 3.0: Control Panel for HP LaserJet P2050 Series Printers S/N Button Function 1. Control Panel Display Shows status information, menus, help information, and error messages. 2. Up Narrow Navigates to the next submenu or the next value in a menu selection list, moves the cursor forward a single position, or increases the value of numeric items 3. Ok Button  Saves the selected value for an item  Performs the action that is highlighted on the control-panel display  Clears an error condition when the condition is clearable 4. Down Arrow Navigates to the next item in the list, or decreases the value of numeric items 5. Back Up Backs up one level in the menu tree or backs up one numeric entry 6. Ready light  On: The product is online and ready to accept data to print.  Off: The product cannot accept data because it is offline (paused) or has experienced an error.  Blinking: The product is processing a job. 7. Cancel button Cancels the current print job 8. Error light  Off: The product is functioning without error.  Blinking: Action is required. See the control-panel display. To gain access to the control-panel menus, complete the steps below. i. . Press OK. ii. Press the down arrow or the up arrow to navigate the listings. iii. Press OK to select the appropriate option. iv. Press the back button to return to the previous level. 3.3 Working Steps of HP LaserJet P2050 Series Printers Tray 1 Tray 1 is accessed from the front of the product. The product prints from Tray 1 before trying to print from other trays. 28 Figure 3.8 : HP LaserJet P2050 Series Printers Tray 1 Direction of Opening Media guides ensure that the media is correctly fed into the product and that the print is not skewed (crooked on the media). When loading media, adjust the media guides to match the width of the media that you are using. Figure 3.9 : HP LaserJet P2050 Series Printers Tray 1 Displaying Tray 2 29 Media guides ensure that the media feeds correctly into the product and that the print is not skewed. Tray 2 has side and rear media guides. When loading media, adjust the media guides to match the length and width of the media that you are using. Figure 3.10 : HP LaserJet P2050 Series Printers Tray 2 Displaying Print to the straight-through paper path (rear output) The product always uses the straight-through paper path if it is open. Paper exits face-up, with the last page on top (reverse order). Printing from Tray 1 to the rear output provides the straightest path. Opening the straight-through paper path might improve performance with the following paper types: i. Envelopes ii. Labels iii. Small custom-size paper iv. Postcards v. Paper heavier than 120 g/m2 (32 lb) 30 To open the straight-through paper path, grasp the handle at the top of the rear door, and pull the door down. Be sure to open the straight-through paper path, not the jam-release door Figure 3.11 : Paper Jam-release Door of HP LaserJet P2050 Series Printers 3.4 Block Diagram of HP LaserJet P2050 Series Printers 31 A block diagram is a graphical representation of a system, project, or scenario. It provides a functional view of a system and illustrates how the different elements of that system interlink. Engineers, in particular, use block diagrams to model the elements of a system and understand how they are all connected. A block diagram is a diagram of a system in which the principal parts or functions are represented by blocks connected by lines that show the relationships of the blocks. They are heavily used in engineering in hardware design, electronic design, software design, and process flow diagrams. Block diagrams are typically used for higher level, less detailed descriptions that are intended to clarify overall concepts without concern for the details of implementation. Contrast this with the schematic diagrams and layout diagrams used in electrical engineering, which show the implementation details of electrical components and physical construction. 3.5 Internal of HP LaserJet P2050 Series Printers Figure 3.12: Internal Structure of HP LaserJet P2050 Series Printers 32 1. Fuser delivery roller 2. Face-down delivery roller 3. Pressure roller 4. Fuser film 5. Fuser 6. Transfer roller 7. Photosensitive drum 8. Laser scanner 9. Print cartridge 10. Registration shutter 11. Tray 1 pickup roller 12. Tray separation pad 13. Registration roller 14. Feed roller 15. Tray 2 pickup roller 16. Tray 2 separation pad 17. Tray 2 18. Duplex re-pickup roller (HP LaserJet P2050 Series Printers only) 19. Duplex feed unit (HP LaserJet P2050 Series Printers only) 20. Duplex feed roller (HP LaserJet P2050 Series Printers only) 33 CHAPTER FOUR MAINTENANCE, INSTALLATION AND EVALUATION 4.0 Maintenance Maintenance is the act of keeping property or equipment in good condition by making repairs, correcting problems. The following are Printer Maintenance i. Unplug Printer. For safety reasons it is best to let the printer sit for about an hour to cool down before starting the cleaning procedure. ii. Remove paper trays. iii. Open printer and remove toner cartridge. Place cartridge on a piece of disposable paper or newspaper. Be careful not to tip or shake the toner cartridge as this may lead to toner leakage. iv. Clean the interior of the printer with a dry lint free cloth. Many models of laser printers provide a brush inside the printer that can be used to gently remove toner from hard to reach areas. If no brush is provided a clean and dry paint brush can be used. v. If the printer has corona wires gently wipe the wires with cottons swaps dipped in isopropyl alcohol – take care if a wire breaks can be expensive to fix vi. Clean the rollers with a slightly damp cloth to remove dirt buildup. vii. General Cleaning- The outside of the printer should be kept clean with a damp cloth. Care should be taken with toner cartridges when inserting or removing from printer to help prevent toner leakage. Toner can stain clothing, fabric and carpeting so care should be taken when handling a toner cartridge. viii. Toner/Paper Quality- Though it can be tempting to purchase cheap toner and paper for a laser printer this is not always a good practice. Lower quality paper and toner can greatly reduce the printers functionality can cause printing and hardware problems – it is worth staying with the manufacturers recommendation for toner and paper. If using recycled toner cartridges make sure the cartridges are from a reliable source as cheap cartridges can leak toner and cause damage. 34 4.1 Supply Replacement Guidelines Keep the following guidelines in mind when setting up the product. i. Sufficient space is required above and in the front of the product for removing supplies. ii. The product should be located on a flat, sturdy surface 4.2 Redistribute Toner When toner is low, faded or light areas appear on the printed page. You might be able to temporarily improve print quality by redistributing the toner. i. Push the button to open the print-cartridge door, and then remove the print cartridge ii. To redistribute the toner, gently rock the print cartridge from front to back. 35 iii. . Reinsert the print cartridge into the product, and then close the print-cartridge door. If the print is still light, install a new print cartridge 4.3 Change the Print Cartridge When a print cartridge approaches the end of useful life, you are prompted to order a replacement. You can continue printing with the current cartridge until redistributing the toner no longer yields acceptable print quality. i. Push the button to open the print-cartridge door, and then remove the print cartridge 36 ii. Remove the new print cartridge from the bag. Place the used print cartridge in the bag for recycling. iii. Grasp both sides of the print cartridge and distribute the toner by gently rocking the print cartridge. Caution: Do not touch the shutter or the surface of the roller. iv. Bend the tab on the left side of the cartridge until the tab breaks loose. Pull the tab until all the tape is removed from the cartridge. Place the tab and tape in the print-cartridge box to return for recycling. 37 v. Align the print cartridge with the tracks inside the product, insert the print cartridge until it is firmly seated, and then close the print-cartridge door vi. Installation is complete. Place the used print cartridge in the box in which the new cartridge arrived. See the enclosed recycling guide for recycling instructions. 4.4 Installation / Usage Installation refers to the particular configuration of software or hardware with a view to making it usable with the computer i. After the configuration page has printed, turn the product off and disconnect the power cord. 38 ii. Disconnect all interface cables. iii. For Reuse , reconnect the printer ON 39 4.5 Factors That Affect Product Performance Several factors affect the time it takes to print a job: i. Maximum product speed, measured in pages per minute (ppm) ii. The use of special paper (such as transparencies, heavy paper, and custom-size paper) iii. Product processing and download time iv. The complexity and size of graphics v. The speed of the computer you are using vi. The USB connection vii. The product I/O configuration viii. The amount of memory installed in the product ix. The network operating system and configuration (if applicable) 40 4.6 Basic Problem Solving Table 4.0: Basic Problem Solving S/N Problem Cause Solution 1. When the product is connected to a correctly grounded power source, the LEDs on the control panel do not illuminate and the main motor does not rotate. The product does not turn on No power to the product. 1. verify that the power switch is turned on. 2. Verify that the power cable is correctly plugged into the outlet and the product. 3. Verify that the power outlet has the correct voltage The Power inlet/switch cable assembly is defective. Replace the power inlet/switch cable assembly. See Inlet-cable assembly on page 150 The ECU( Engine controller unit) is defective Replace the ECU 2. When turned on, the LEDs on the control panel light up, but the main motor does not rotate. The product turns on, but the motor does not rotate The print-cartridge door is open Close the print-cartridge door Media is jammed in the paper path. Clear all media from the paper path, and make sure that all sensors are working correctly The cable is not connected correctly. Reconnect the motor cable The motor is not mounted correctly in the product chassis Verify that the motor is connected correctly and that it rotates freely 41 Gear is damaged or jammed. Replace the gear assembly The main motor is defective. Replace the motor 3. The product turns on and the motor rotates, but none of the control-panel lights turn on, and pressing the controlpanel buttons has no effect. The product is unresponsive. `The control-panel cable is not connected correctly. Reconnect the control panel cable The control panel is defective Replace the control panel. The formatter is defective Replace the formatter 4. The product is on, but the control-panel lights indicate that the product is not in the "ready" state. The product is not "ready." The product has an internal error that was detected during the Power-On SelfTest sequence. Consult the list of control- panel light patterns to identify and correct the error 42 5. The product turns on, the motor rotates, and the control panel indicates the "ready" state, but the product does not print. The product does not print. component is defective. Perform an engine test to verify printengine components. 1. Print an engine test page. 2. If the engine test page does not print, check all the connectors on the ECU, and reconnect any cables that are connected incorrectly. 3. If, after checking the connectors, the error persists, replace the ECU. The formatter is defective. Press the Go button to print a Demo page. If the Demo page does not print, replace the formatter 6. The product prints the engine test and the Demo page, but does not print jobs sent from a computer. The product does not print from a computer. The cable is not connected correctly. Reconnect the cable An incorrect driver is selected. Select the correct printer driver T he printer driver is not installed correctly Remove and then reinstall the product software. Make sure that you use the correct procedure and port setting. Other devices are connected to the product (for example, through a switch or hub) that are interfering Disconnect the other devices, switches, or hubs. 43 with the computer-product communications. T here is a computer-port communications problem. Reset the computer port settings (see the computer user guide for more information). 4.7 Bill of Engineering Measurements and Evaluation (BEME) The BEME which can also be referred to as the bill, is a measurement and evaluation tool which is used as means of assessing and valueing the cost of construction project/works and comprising of the works' materials, equipments, labour and any other resource needed for the satisfactory completion of the works. Table 4.1: Bill of Engineering Measurements and Evaluation (BEME) S/N Item Description Quantity Rate (Ꜻ) Amount (Ꜻ) 1 Fuser delivery roller 1 10,000 10,000 2 Face-down delivery roller 1 10,000 10,000 3 Pressure roller 1 10,000 10,000 4 Fuser film 1 10,000 10,000 5 Fuser 1 10,000 10,000 6 Transfer roller 1 10,000 10,000 7 Photosensitive drum 1 10,000 10,000 8 Laser scanner 1 10,000 10,000 9 Print cartridge 1 10,000 10,000 10 Registration shutter 1 10,000 10,000 44 11 Tray 1 pickup roller Tray separation pad 1 5,000 5,000 12 Registration roller 1 5,000 5,000 13 Feed roller 1 5,000 5,000 14 Tray 2 pickup roller 1 10,000 10,000 15 Tray 2 separation pad 1 5,000 5,000 16 Tray 2 1 5,000 5,000 TOTAL 135,000 Figure 4.0 : Real Image of HP LaserJet P2055dn Printer 45 CHAPTER FIVE SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 5.0 Summary In coupling a customized printer to form a factors such as case size can never be over emphasize. Just as technology is advancing, in the same vein computer components are also changing. Therefore when cloning a Printer form factor should be a guild in other to avoid waste of resources and also have a good knowledge of the kind of printer to be built. Finally, cloning a printer according to your own satisfaction has a lot of benefits not only that it will make you increase your knowledge of how every component of the printer function and how to assemble them, it also gives you the courage to fix any fault arises in the printer unit. Each one of the components mentioned in the paragraphs above make up what is known as a printer. Printer have become a part of everyday life for this generation. Without all of the hardware to be able to print soft copy information jobs would be more tedious. 5.1 Conclusion The printer you built or clone will always mean a little bit more to you than one you bought, not least because you designed it yourself and will no doubt be upgrading it from time to time for years to come. Apart from the benefits that are attached to building your own printer to your own taste and satisfaction, you also stand the chance to know every nook and cranny of the printer system which makes you more professional. 5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS i. Printer users are to be more encouraged in cloning a computer system unit in other to increase their knowledge based on hardware components and its functionalities. ii. Users should always look out for updates as regards to the latest printer hardware components. 46 iii. Printer users should imbibe the habit of system implementation. iv. Users are to me more careful when it come to printer unit cloning, in other to avoid mistake or total damage to any of the hardware components in the process of cloning. v. Users are to always bear in mind the compatibility of hardware components. vi. Users are to be more consistences in hardware cloning. 47 REFERENCES Doris I.(2021). In his book The computer research model, Academic journals publishers, England. Eckert, P. (2012). Upgrading and Repairing PC, Odensa Intl publisher, France. Egbere O. (2008). Fundamental of Computer Hardware, Amazon publisher, Nigeria. French I. (1999). Computer science fourth edition, Academia publishing, England. HOOD R. (2008). Tech Online EE Times Embedded system design Pendans Book publisher, India. Macht B. (1998). Book titled component of hardware, A M publishers, Germany. Michael B. (2008). illustration quid to the PC Hardware, Randus v publisher, New York, USA. Neumann J. (2016). Fundamentals of Computer Hardware, prince jar Intl publisher, USA. Tektronix S. (2012). Embedded Instrumentation Boosts Boards prototyping publisher, Italy.