ROLES OF INTEREST GROUPS IN SHAPING PUBLIC POLICY USING NIGERIA LABOUR CONGRESS AS A CASE STUDY

This study investigates the role of interest groups in shaping public policy, focusing on the Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC). Interest groups act as intermediaries between citizens and the state by mobilizing demands, coordinating collective action, and influencing decision-making. The NLC, Nigeria’s leading labour union, has historically engaged government on workers’ welfare, wage determination, and socio-economic reforms. The study examines its influence on key policy issues, particularly minimum wage implementation and resistance to fuel subsidy removal. Data were gathered from books, journal articles, policy reports, government documents, newspapers, and NLC publications. Using a case study approach, the research analyzes the NLC’s strategies and interactions with the state, applying content analysis to assess their impact on legislative and executive decisions. Findings show that the NLC has significantly shaped policy through bargaining, strikes, protests, and advocacy. It has achieved gains in enforcing minimum wage laws but faces constraints such as state resistance, internal divisions, and political interference. Its actions reflect the Pluralist Theory, which views policymaking as a contest among multiple interest groups. The study concludes that the NLC remains an influential actor in Nigeria’s democratic process, though its effectiveness depends on internal unity, adaptability, and collaboration with other civil society groups. It recommends strengthening internal democracy, adopting evidence-based advocacy, and building wider coalitions. Government should also institutionalize inclusive consultation with interest groups.