ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES AND HPLC ANALYSIS OF LEAF EXTRACT OF MARTYNA ANNUA AGAINST MULTI DRUG RESISTANCE BACTERIA OF CLINICAL ORIGIN.

The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens poses a significant challenge to global public health. This study evaluates the antibacterial activities and HPLC analysis of the leaf extract of Martyna annua against multidrug resistance bacteria, including Enterococcus faecium and Staphylococcus aureus. Initial antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that Enterococcus faeciumwas resistant to all tested antibiotics, while Staphylococcus aureus displayed susceptibility to erythromycin, tetracycline, cerimoxazole, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin , with inhibition zones ranging from 12-20mm. Antibacterial testing of M. annua leaves extracts demonstrated variable efficacy. Themethanol extract exhibited the most substantial antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones for Enterococcus faecium ranging from 15-30 mm at 4 and 64µg/ml, while Staphylococcus aureus showed inhibition zones ranging from 10-20 mm. The ethyl acetate extract displayed inhibition zones of 14-22 mm for Enterococcus faeciumat all tested concentrations, though Staphylococcus aureus did not show clear zones. The n-hexane extract demonstrated activity against Enterococcus faeciumat higher concentrations (32 and 64 µg/ml), with zones of 16-17 mm, but was ineffective at lower concentrations. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) tests revealed that both bacteria showed no growth at 32 and 64 µg/ml for the ethanolic and n-hexane extracts. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) results indicated bactericidal effects at 64 µg/ml for Enterococcus faeciumin ethanol and n-hexane, while Staphylococcus aureus displayed growth under similar conditions. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, phlobatannins, terpenoids, steroids, and coumarins. High- Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds such as catechin, quercetin, rutin, and luteolin. The antioxidant activity, assessed using DPPH assay, demonstrated notable free radical scavenging capacity, with ethanolic extract showing values ranging from 87.0813 to 90.4306% at varying concentrations (100-500 ng/ml), and ascorbic acid (reference standard) ranging from 86.4692 to 94.3155%. These findings highlight the potential of M annua leaves extract as a source of bioactive compounds with antibacterial and antioxidant properties. The study underscores the importance of exploring plant-based therapeutic for combating (MDR) pathogens and contributes valuable insights into pharmacological potential of Martynia annua.