STUDIES ON THE GERMINATION OF AFRAMOMUM MELEGUETA

Aframomum melegueta, known as grains of paradise, faces significant propagation challenges due to slow and irregular seed germination, limiting its large-scale cultivation. This study investigates the efficacy of various pre-treatment methods to enhance germination and seedling growth, addressing physical and physiological barriers such as hard seed coats and variable seed viability. Conducted at Adekunle Ajasin University, Nigeria, the experiment utilized a Completely Randomized Design to evaluate seven treatments: water soaking (24, 48, 72 hours), sulphuric acid exposure (1, 2, 3 minutes), mechanical scarification, dry heat (5, 10, 15 minutes), wet heat (2, 4, 6 minutes), hydrogen peroxide soaking (5, 10, 15 minutes), and a control. Seeds were sourced from local markets and farmers in Akungba-Akoko. Data on germination percentage, days to germination, and seedling traits were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Results showed no significant difference in days to seedling emergence, but treatments significantly affected sprouting numbers. The 2-minute wet heat treatment yielded the highest sprouting (34.67 seeds), followed by 72-hour water soaking (28.33 seeds), while prolonged heat and acid treatments inhibited germination. These findings suggest that short-duration wet heat and extended water soaking are effective in breaking seed dormancy, offering practical solutions for improving germination rates. This research contributes to optimizing propagation techniques for A. melegueta, supporting its pharmacological, cultural, and economic significance in West Africa, and promoting sustainable cultivation to meet rising global demand while reducing reliance on wild harvesting.