PRE-COLONIAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN ADO EKITI

ABSTRACT This study examines the pre-colonial health management system in Ado-Ekiti, a city in southwestern Nigeria, before the advent of British colonial rule in 1913. The research investigates the indigenous healthcare practices that were prevalent in the community, focusing on the holistic approach that integrated herbal medicine, spiritual healing, and physical therapies. The study employs historical, ethnographic, and qualitative research methods, utilizing oral interviews with community elders, traditional rulers, and herbalists, as well as archival materials and secondary sources. The findings reveal that the pre-colonial health management system in Ado-Ekiti was characterized by the use of medicinal plants and herbs sourced from the surrounding forests, administered by traditional healers known as Babalawos who specialized in divination, sacrifices, and herbal therapies. Traditional birth attendants played crucial roles in maternal healthcare, while spiritual practices involving Ifa divination and appeasement of ancestors were integral to disease diagnosis and treatment. The system was deeply intertwined with the socio-cultural and religious beliefs of the people, viewing health as a balance between physical, mental, spiritual, and environmental dimensions. The study further explores the impact of colonialism and the introduction of Western medicine through Christian missionaries, which led to the gradual decline of indigenous health practices. The research highlights the socio-cultural and religious transformations that occurred as Western medical services gained acceptance, often at the expense of traditional healers' prestige and economic standing. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for integration of traditional and orthodox medicine, arguing that African traditional medicine remains relevant due to its accessibility, affordability, and cultural compatibility. It recommends proper documentation, standardization, and legal recognition of traditional medical practices to preserve this aspect of Ado-Ekiti's cultural heritage and enhance contemporary healthcare delivery in Nigeria. Keywords: Pre-colonial health management, Ado-Ekiti, traditional medicine, Babalawo, herbal remedies, colonial impact, indigenous healthcare, Yoruba healing practices