CONSTRUCTION OF BATTERY MODULES AND PACKS FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE

ABSTRACT The significance of Lithium-Ion Battery technology in the electric vehicle industry has been undoubtedly impactful. The massive advantage of the improved energy-to-weight, power-to-weight ratio and the lengthened battery lifespan over the existing Nickel-variants and lead-acid batteries had leapfrogged the electric vehicle to become on par with the combustion engine vehicle in terms of performance and reliability. The lithium-ion battery cell can be charged or discharged but the conversion of energy from the stored chemical energy to useable electrical energy comes with an efficiency rating or energy loss which manifests as heat energy, causing temperature rise in battery cells. Excessive rise in temperature can cause battery explosion or fire. The integration of renewable energy sources is a challenge for the energy industry of the future. As an additional buffer between electricity supply and demand, batteries are an increasingly important candidate. This is facilitated by their rapidly decreasing cost and flexibility. They will play an important role in supporting grid stability and flexibility. In addition to power generation, road transport is becoming increasingly electrified: Sales of electric cars are growing rapidly, which means that charging them can put a significant strain on power grids. As a result, there is a need for efficient battery models in terms of speed and accuracy. These can be used for the development, testing and simulation of advanced charging algorithms for electric vehicles, for the planning of modern energy grids that include complete battery storage systems, and for the characterization of newly developed batteries and the prediction of their behavior in different scenarios. This work is intended to contribute to the solution of these problems. The following work presents a complete simulation solution of a battery system and the basics of an electric vehicle emulator based on physical batterymodels.