PROCESS OPTIMIZATION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MULTI FRUIT JUICE USING FULL FACTORIAL DESIGN

31 Paulo camp of theUniversity of São Paulo. In the 1970s, several Digital Corporation and Hewlett Packard minicomputers were acquired for public and Armed Forces hospitals, and more intensively used for intensive-careunit , cardiology diagnostics, patient other applications. In the early 1980s microcomputers Informatics Provincial and territorial programs include the following: Health Ontario was created as an Ontario provincial government agency in September 2008. It has been plagued by delays and its CEO was fired over a multimillion-dollar contracts scandal in 2009. [12] Alberta Netcare was created in 2003 by the Government of Alberta. Today the netCARE portal is used daily by thousands of clinicians. It provides access to demographic data, prescribed/dispensed drugs, known allergies/intolerances, immunizations, laboratory test results, diagnostic imaging reports, the diabetes registry and other medical reports. netCARE interface capabilities are being included in electronic medical record products which are being funded by the provincial government. In 2004 the U.S.Department of Health and Human Services(HHS) formed theOffice of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology(ONCHIT). The mission of this office is widespread adoption of interoperable electronic health records (EHRs) in the US within 10 32 years. Seequality improvement organizations for more information on federal initiatives in this area. The Certification Commission for Healthcare Information Technology(CCHIT), a private nonprofit group, was founded in 2005 by the U.S.Department of Health and Human Servicesto develop a set of standards forelectronic health records(EHR) and supporting networks, and certify vendors who meet them. In July, 2006 CCHIT released its first list of 22 certified ambulatory EHR products, in two different announcements. For more details on this topic, see European Federation for Medical Informatics . The European Union's Member States are committed to sharing their best practices and experiences to create a European eHealth Area, thereby improving access to and quality health care at the same time as stimulating growth in a promising new industrial sector. The European eHealth Action Plan plays a fundamental role in the European Union's strategy. Work on this initiative involves a collaborative approach among several parts of the Commission services. TheEuropean Institute for Health Recordsis involved in the promotion of high qualityelectronic health record . The NHS in England has contracted out to several vendors for a national health informatics system 'NPFIT' that originally divided the country into five regions and 33 is to be united by a central electronic medical record system nicknamed "the spine". The project, in 2010, is seriously behind schedule and its scope and design are being revised in real time. In 2010 a wide consultation was launched as part of a wider „Liberating the NHS‟ plan. Many organizations and bodies (look on their own websites, as most have made their responses public in detail for information) responded to the consultation and a new strategy is expected in the second quarter of 2011. The degree of computerization in NHS secondary care was quite high before NPfIT and that programmed has had the unfortunate effect of largely stalling further development of the installed base. Almost all general practices in England and Wales are computerized and patients have relatively extensive computerized primary care clinical records. Computerization are the responsibility of individual practices and there is no single, standardized GP system. Interoperation between primary and secondary care systems is rather primitive. A focus on interworking (for interfacing and integration) standards is hoped will stimulate synergy between primary and secondary care in sharing necessary information to support the care of individuals. Scotland has an approach to central connection under way which is more advanced than the English one in some ways. Scotland has the GPASS system whose source code is owned by the State, and controlled and developed by NHS Scotland. GPASS was accepted in 1984. It has been provided free to all GPs in Scotland but has developed poorly.[citation 34 needed] Discussion of open sourcing it as a remedy is occurring. The broad history of health informatics has been captured in the book UK Health Computing: Recollections and reflections, Hayes G, Barnett D (Eds.), BCS (May 2008) by those active in the field, predominantly members of BCS Health and its constituent groups. The book describes the path taken as „early development of health informatics was unorganized and idiosyncratic‟. In the early -1950s it was prompted by those involved in NHS finance and only in the early 1960s did solutions including those in pathology (1960), radiotherapy (1962), immunization (1963), and primary care (1968) emerge. Many of these solutions, even in the early 1970s were developed in-house by pioneers in the field to meet their own requirements. In part this was due to some areas of health services (for example the immunization and vaccination of children) still being provided by Local Authorities. Interesting, this is a situation which the coalition government propose broadly to return to in the 2010 strategy Equity and Excellence: Liberating the NHS (July 2010); stating: "We will put patients at the heart of the NHS, through an information revolution and greater choice and control‟ with shared decision -making becoming the norm: „no decision about me without me‟ and patien ts having access to the information they want, to make choices about their care. They will have increased control over their own care records." 35 These types of statements present a significant opportunity for health informaticians to come out of the back-office and take up a front-line role supporting clinical practice, and the business of care delivery. The UK health informatics community has long played a key role in international activity, joining TC4 of the International Federation of Information Processing (1969) which became IMIAEFMI solution providers. In 2011, self-assessment tools were introduced for use by any interested party. In addition, the principles and UKCHIP model are being considered internationally (as at 2011). UKCHIP certification is being considered for regulatory purposes. In conjunction with workforce development tools such as the NHS HI Career Framework it is possible for individuals to compare their skills against typical job roles, determine their professional level, and for employers to carry out detailed workforce analysis to meet the emerging requirements of the informatics strategies of all the home countries. The European Commission's preference, as exemplified in the 5th Framework as well as currently pursued pilot projects, is for Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) for healthcare. 36 CHAPTER THREE RESEARCHMETHODOLOGY 3.1 SOURCE DATA During the research work, data collection was carried out in many places. In gathering and collecting necessary data and information needed for system analysis, two major fact-finding techniques were used in this work and they are: (a) Primary source (b) Secondary source Primary Source Primary source refers to the sources of collecting original data in which the researcher made use of empirical approach such as personal interview and questionnaires. Secondary Source The need for the secondary sources of data for this kind of project cannot be over emphasized. The secondary data were obtained by the researcher from magazines, Journal, Newspapers, Library source 37 3.2 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION ORAL INTERVIEW This was done between the researcher and the doctors in the hospital used for the studies, and the lab attendance was interviewed. Reliable facts were got based on the questions posed to the staff by the researcher. Study of Manuals Manuals and report based used by lab attendance were studied and a lot of information concerning the system in question was obtained. Evaluation of Forms Some forms that are necessary and available were assed. These include admission card, lab form, test result, bill card Etc. These forms help in the design of the newsystem. 3.3 THE EXISTING SYSTEM System analysis is a structure process of collecting and analyzing facts in respect of existing operations procedures and system in order to obtain a full appreciation of the situation prevailing so that an effective computerized system may be designed and implemented when proved feasible. According to E.C and chapman R.J. “system analysis is defined as the method of determining how best to use computer with other resources to perform tasks which meet the information needs of an establishment. Before moving into the major system design building blocks 38 of this new system we need to analyze the existing system and identify their weaknesses. The existing system of medical system and drug prescription in Christ the King Hospital Enugu involves manual activities. It has been observed that to receive medical treatment in most of our hospitals the Patients queue according for several hours in the sequence of first come first serve (FCFS) though, a new patient usually register into the hospital by filling patients form which signifies that the person is an official patient of that hospital. Also, this gives the person access to own a hospital folder. Which is used to store the basic information about the diagnosis and drug prescribed to the patient. In other hand, if it is an old patient, the staff retrieved his hospital folder using the patient‟s form which the doctor have a look at first, before examining the patient and carry out the appropriate therapy which is either he referred the patient to laboratory unit for lab test (if the need be) or to the pharmacy unit to obtain the prescribed drugs (if the matter is not too complex). But, any treatment offered to the patient by the doctor must be recorded on the patient‟s folder to avoid inappropriate therapy. Though, it sounds so easy but it has some stumbling blocks. 3.4 INPUT ANALYSIS The input to the new system is derived from the patient‟s card. When a patient visits the hospital, he/she fills the patients form from where a card is issued to the 39 patient. This forms the input to the new system designed. The information required for entry into the system includes: 1. Patients Name 2. Sex 3. Address 4. Age 5. Disease Symptoms 6. Date visited 3.5 PROCESS ANALYSIS Based on the information collected from the patient, an analysis is carried out. The symptoms are processed to obtain the accurate diagnosis of the sickness. Also the