ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT OF OPEN DEFECATION ON PUBLIC HEALTH AND RURAL COMMUNITIES. A CASE STUDY OF SOME SELECTED COMMUNITIES IN SUMAILA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KANO STATE

This study assessed the impact of open defecation on public health and rural communities of some selected communities in Sumaila Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria. Open defecation remains a major environmental and public health challenge, particularly in rural settings where sanitation facilities are inadequate. The study aimed to identify the causes, effects, and possible solutions to open defecation in the area .A descriptive survey design was adopted, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered to randomly selected respondents from various communities. The data were analyzed using simple percentages and presented in tables and charts for clarity. The findings revealed that lack of toilet facilities was the primary cause of open defecation, followed by poverty, poor sanitation infrastructure, and limited awareness of its health consequences. The study also found that open defecation leads to serious public health problems, including the spread of cholera, diarrhea, typhoid fever, and malnutrition, especially among children. Additionally, it affects individuals’ dignity, productivity, and overall community well-being. Despite high awareness levels, many households continued the practice due to economic hardship and lack of accessible sanitation options. However, a majority of respondents expressed willingness to adopt improved sanitation practices if affordable and adequate facilities were provided. The study concludes that open defecation in Sumaila LGA is largely driven by poverty and infrastructural deficits rather than cultural beliefs. It recommends that government and non-governmental organizations prioritize the construction of affordable toilets.