ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES INTEGRATED INTO THE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SYSTEM IN KARAYE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA

This study assessed the effectiveness of public health services integrated into the Primary Health Care (PHC) system in Karaye Local Government Area (LGA), Kano State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was adopted, and data were collected from health workers and community members using structured questionnaires and interviews. The study examined the types of public health programs available, their accessibility and utilization, and the challenges affecting their effectiveness. Findings showed that major integrated services include routine immunization, maternal and child health services, nutrition programs, disease prevention, and health education. Although these services were generally available, their utilization varied across communities. Key challenges identified were inadequate funding, shortage of trained personnel, irregular supply of essential drugs and vaccines, poor infrastructure, and sociocultural barriers. The study concludes that while integration has improved access to basic health services in Karaye LGA, significant gaps remain in achieving optimal effectiveness. Strengthening funding, workforce capacity, supply systems, and community participation is recommended to enhance service delivery.