PARAMETERS AND OF POTENTIAL TOXIC METALS IN SARINA WATERS, KANO STATE NIGERIA

Abstract of Key Parameters & Potential Toxic Metals Physicochemical Parameters: Studies show water quality in rivers often shows high electrical conductivity (EC), elevated Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and high Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), indicating severe contamination from industrial effluent and domestic sewage. Toxic Metals: High concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Cr are consistently found, often during the dry season when dilution is minimal. Sources: The primary source of pollution is untreated effluent from tanneries, plastic, textile, and chemical industries located in the Sharada, Bompai, and Challawa industrial layouts. Health Hazards: The contamination exceeds safe permissible limits, posing significant health risks to communities using the water for drinking, domestic purposes, and agricultural irrigation (especially for vegetable cultivation). Impact on Groundwater: Heavy metals, particularly Cr and Pb, have been detected in groundwater samples in areas bordering these industrial sites, suggesting that pollutants are leaching into the water table. Overall Findings: The waters in these areas are largely unsafe for consumption and pose long-term ecological risks. ResearchGate ResearchGate Recommendations: The studies recommend continuous, regular monitoring of water bodies, mandatory, effective effluent treatment plants in industries, and creating awareness regarding the health impacts of polluted water and its impact on the food chain. ResearchGate ResearchGate