ACCESSIBILITY AND UTILIZATION OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE FACILITIES IN KATSINA, NIGERIA

ABSTRACT Primary Health Care (PHC) serves as the cornerstone of effective and equitable health systems and plays a critical role in achieving Universal Health Coverage. Despite various health sector reforms in Nigeria, accessibility and utilization of PHC services remain suboptimal, particularly in northern states such as Katsina. This study assessed the accessibility and utilization of primary health care facilities in Katsina, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted to examine physical, financial, and socio￾cultural accessibility to PHC services and their influence on utilization patterns among residents. Data were obtained using structured questionnaires administered to community members, and the information was analyzed using appropriate descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Findings from the study revealed that while PHC facilities are available in many communities, significant barriers such as distance to facilities, transportation challenges, cost of services, shortage of health personnel, inadequate medical supplies, and socio-cultural factors continue to limit effective utilization. Utilization patterns varied across demographic groups, with women, children, and low-income households being disproportionately affected by access constraints. The study concludes that improving accessibility alone is insufficient without addressing quality of care, affordability, and community trust. It recommends strengthening health infrastructure, improving staffing and supply of essential medicines, enhancing community awareness, and implementing policies that reduce financial barriers to care. These measures are essential for improving PHC utilization and achieving better health outcomes in Katsina State.