AN ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPLICATIONS OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN THE SUCCESS OF SANITATION AND HYGIENE PROGRAMS IN KPAKUNGU COMMUNITY, MINNA, NIGER STATE

ABSTRACT This study assessed the implications of community participation in the success of sanitation and hygiene programs in Kpakungu, Minna, Niger State. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was adopted, and data were collected from 350 respondents using structured questionnaires. Findings revealed high awareness (88.6%) of sanitation programs but moderate participation, mainly through labor contributions. The study identified environmental cleanliness and health improvement as major motivators, while time constraints and financial limitations hindered full participation. Programs were rated moderately effective, with notable improvements in waste disposal and hygiene awareness. However, inclusivity of women and children remained low. The study concludes that active and inclusive community involvement enhances program sustainability. It recommends strengthened awareness campaigns, leadership involvement, and infrastructural investment to achieve sustainable sanitation outcomes in Kpakungu. The study concludes that strong, active, and inclusive community participation is essential for achieving sustained sanitation and hygiene outcomes in Kpakungu. It recommends continuous awareness campaigns, enhanced training, gender- inclusive mobilization, stronger leadership engagement, provision of financial and material support, and improved infrastructural investment to strengthen program ownership and sustainability. Further studies are encouraged to explore long-term behavioral change strategies and policy frameworks needed to support community-driven sanitation initiat