ACCESS AND UTILIZATION OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES IN THE REDUCTION OF CHILD MORTALITY RATE (A CASE STUDY OF RANO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA)

ABSTRACT This study investigates the role of access and utilization of primary health care services in reducing child mortality rates in Rano Local Government Area, Kano State, Nigeria. The primary focus is on how cultural factors, economic constraints, and maternal education influence health care access for children under five years. A descriptive survey design was employed, with data collected from 100 respondents through structured questionnaires and analyzed quantitatively. The findings reveal that traditional beliefs, high costs of medical services, and low levels of maternal education significantly hinder access to health care services, thereby contributing to high child mortality rates. Traditional practices, particularly the preference for traditional medicine and male dominance in decision-making, were found to delay or prevent mothers from seeking modern health care. Furthermore, financial barriers, including the lack of health insurance and out-of-pocket payments, limit access to essential health services. Maternal education positively influences health-seeking behavior, as educated mothers are more likely to utilize health services. The study concludes that addressing these cultural, economic, and educational barriers is critical for improving access to primary health care and reducing child mortality. Recommendations include community education programs, health care subsidies, expansion of educational opportunities for women, and improved health care infrastructure. This research contributes to the understanding of the social and economic factors influencing health care access in rural Nigeria and provides actionable solutions to improve child survival outcomes.