ANTIFUNGAL RESISTANCE PATTERNS OF FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH SPOILLED STORED GRAUNDNUT IN ANDARAI MAIYAMA KEBBI STATE
Abstract
Peanut or groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) is a tropical legume grown as an oilseed or food crops in more than 100 countries between 40o N and 40o S with the main commercial production occurring in the northern. This study investigates the antifungal resistance patterns of fungi associated with spoiled stored groundnuts in Andarai, Maiyama Local Government, Kebbi State, Nigeria. Groundnuts are critical for food security and economic stability in the region, but they are highly susceptible to fungal contamination during storage, leading to spoilage and potential health risks from mycotoxins, particularly aflatoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus. A total of [50 sample] groundnut samples were collected from local storage facilities, and fungal isolates were identified using standard microbiological techniques. The predominant fungal species included Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., and Rhizopus spp. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method to determine the resistance profiles of these isolates against commonly used antifungal agents, including fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B. Results indicated a concerning level of resistance, particularly in Aspergillus flavus, which showed significant resistance to fluconazole. Conversely, some isolates, such as Fusarium spp. and Rhizopus spp., demonstrated susceptibility to voriconazole and amphotericin B, suggesting potential treatment options. The findings highlight the urgent need for improved storage practices and targeted antifungal strategies to mitigate fungal contamination and resistance development. This study contributes to understanding the antifungal resistance patterns in agricultural contexts, emphasizing the necessity for ongoing monitoring and management to ensure food safety and protect public health in Kebbi State and similar regions.
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