HPLC CHARACTERIZATION AND IN VITRO ANTI-OXIDATIVE PROPERTY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF TERMINALIA CATAPPA LEAF

The study investigates the phytochemical properties and antioxidant potential of ethanolic extracts from the leaves of Terminalia catappa, or Indian almond, which is recognized for its medicinal benefits. Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), a range of bioactive compounds was identified in both unfermented and fermented leaf extracts, including antioxidants such as caffeic acid, quercetin, ferulic acid, and tannic acid. The antioxidant capacity was measured through total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) using aluminium chloride colorimetric methods. Results indicated that the unfermented extracts had significantly higher levels of TPC and TFC than the fermented extracts. Additionally, catalase activity tests showed that unfermented extracts exhibited superior enzymatic activity, reinforcing their ability to combat oxidative stress due to their higher concentrations of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Mineral analysis via Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy revealed that the fermented extracts contained higher levels of essential minerals like potassium and magnesium, which are important for cellular function and metabolic processes. The fermentation process appears to enhance the bioavailability of these minerals, suggesting that fermented extracts might provide additional health benefits. Notably, the identification of salicylic acid and apigenin in fermented extracts indicates that fermentation may increase certain bioactive compounds, potentially contributing to antiinflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Overall, the study highlights the therapeutic potential of both unfermented and fermented Terminalia catappa leaf extracts, with unfermented extracts being particularly effective in providing antioxidant benefits, while fermented extracts may offer advantages through improved mineral availability and additional bioactive compounds. The findings have implications for the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals aimed at enhancing health outcomes, especially as degenerative diseases become more prevalent. Future research should further explore the mechanisms of these health benefits and assess the efficacy of Terminalia catappa extracts in clinical settings for dietary supplementation and disease prevention strategies. This research contributes valuable insights into the health-promoting properties of traditional medicinal plants and their possible integration into contemporary health care practices.