THE INFLUENCE OF GODFATHERISM IN NIGERIA POLITICS IN THE FOURTH REPUBLIC (THE ROLE OF EDUCATION)

ABSTRACT The discourse of godfatherism had so much influenced the socio-economic and political life of the nation especially in the fourth republic. It had gained much attention at the present time as a result of its need forms of articulation. It has become almost impossible for an individual to hold political office either by appointment or election without patronizing a godfather because of their power and influence. In the light of this, this long essay critically examined how poverty, ignorance and corruption contributed to the emergence of godfatherism and the role of the godfathers in carrying out their biding such as, arson, maiming, bribing, abduction and all kings of corrupt styles in other to win elections for their selfish enrich. The study also examined the consequences of this in the fourth republic. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1. Background of the Study The concept of godfatherism is firmly establishing itself as a guiding principle in contemporary Nigeria politics. Godfathers are generally defined as men who have the power personally to determine both who gets nominated to contest elections and who wins in the election. In the past, Nigerian society had fewer criminals that the judicial systems attempted to contend with in recent times, our judicial systems cannot contend with such because Nigerian society is building criminals at rapid pales in the late 20th and early 21st centuries through democratization and militarization practices, when the governing systems failed to deliver the other takes over. In democracy one way that regime is breeding criminals is through godfather’s, godfatherims is old fashion enterprise that circulates around nation with different names or headings for centuries. Godfathers in Nigeria is a topic that has not been given enough attention until recent coup that exposed Chief Chris Uba, estranged political Godfather of Chief Dr. Chris Ngige among political criminals that is behind elections or selection of most of our state governors and other law makers. Apparently it appears majority of our state governors are financed by such caliber of person and for those financed by their godfathers get into offices now have huge power in respective states. They assigned civil services and or political positions to who are not of the people but people of the privates. The role of education in politics cannot be over emphasized. To be effective, civil education must be realistic, it must address the central truth about political life. The American Political Science Association (A.P.S.A) recently formed a task force on Civil Education. Its statement of purpose calls for more realistic teaching about the nature of political life and a better understanding of “the complex elements of the art of the possible”. The A.P.S.A. reports faults existing civil education because all too often it seems unable to counter the belief that in politics, one either wins or loses, and to win; means getting everything at once, now. The sense that politics can always bring another chance to be heard to persuade and perhaps to gain part of what one wants, is lost, political education today seems unable to teach the civil engagement the slow patient building of first coalitions and then majorities can generate social change (Carter & Elshtan, 1997). A message of importance therefore is not politics need not, indeed must not, be a zero, sum game. The idea that “winner takes all” has no place in a democracy because if losers lose all they will opt out of the democratic game. Sharing is essential in a democratic society, the sharing of power, of resources and of responsibilities. Those skills and the will or necessary trait of private and public characters are the products of a good civil election. Statement of the Problem Should money and influence be the only determinant of an election in Nigeria political content? Must politician join any confraternity or go into feeble and illegal agreement with powerful rich mobile Nigeria before they could contest for an elections? God fatherism and politics will not bring about significant growth/development economically, socially and politically. The doctrine of separation of power and the theory of rule of law is not best assured. The fundamental human right is well protested as stipulated by the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria. Research Questions The following research questions were raised to guide the study. What patterns do godfatherism take in Nigeria political system? What factors promote godfatherism in Nigerian political system? What are the general effects of god fatherism in politics in Nigeria? How does education influence Nigerian politics and politicians in relation to godfatherism? Purpose of the Study The purpose of the study is to investigate the concept of God fatherism, how it influences Nigeria politics and politician and the role of education in Nigeria. How godfatherism is firmly and deeply principle in contemporary Nigeria policies. This study also examined the role of education in Nigeria politics. How civic education in a democracy is educating government. Significance of the Study Significance of this study is to investigate the concept (God fatherism) how it influences Nigeria politics and politicians and the role of education in Nigeria politic e.g. 1. Law makers 2. Policy formulators 3. The judiciary Delimitation of the Study This study will be focused mainly on the influence of godfatherism in Nigeria and politics in the fourth republic. The role of education basically. Limitation of the Study The research was limited only on Anambra State, which is representing the 36 state in Nigeria. Finance was also an obstacle in the process of carrying out the research. Finally, take ability of responses is another limitation of this study. Definition of Terms God father can be seen as man who promise to help a child. God fathers is also the head of illegal organization especially the mafia. Politics – in many other academic follows, especially within the umbrella of the social sciences there are many different opinions about what politics is. There is hardly any generally accepted definition of politics. This does not however suggest that politics has no definition. “Politics” refers to the events that happened around the decision making centres of government. Politics can also be seen as the struggle for political power and the use of that power for the acquisition of other value power is therefore the central focus of politics. Education – can be seen as the total process of human learning by which knowledge imparted, facilities trained and skill developed. CHAPTER TWO REVIEW OF LITERATURE Godfathers are generally defined as men who have the power personally to determine both who gets nominated to contest elections and who wins elections in a state. Ibrahim (2003) regarded them as a huge challenge to democracy in the country. Although the godfathers themselves are strictly supportive of the practice. According to Jubril (1999), Godgatherism is one word that opens narrow doors when it comes to deciding who gets what in the political scene. They make or mar potential candidates all over the country. In fact the concept of godfatherism is firmly establishing itself as a guiding principle in contemporary Nigeria politics. “One thing in politics is that you must believe in it, I would not be in daddy’s place”, Reverend Jolly Njame, the governor of the northern Jaraba State told Nigerians The Sun Newspaper. Whether you like it or not, as a godfather, you will not be a governor you will not be a president, but you can make a governor, you can make a president Bahaja, (2003). Since the advent of the present democratic dispensation in May 29th 1999, Nigerians and the political class have come to terms with godfatherism in Nigeria political scene. Across the 36 states of the federation, almost all the elected governors in 1999, 2003, and 2007, have their godfathers who bankrolled their election members of the National Assembly, State Assembly, Local Government and Chairman are not left out in godfatherism. Without a godfather, an aspirant cannot win the party ticket let alone winning the general elections. What an aspirants needs to put into any elected offices of his desire is a powerful godfather who is a law unto himself God-fatherism started in Nigeria as far back as 1954 when politicians such as Late Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe, Late Chief Obafemi Awolowo, Sir Ahmadu Bello, the Tafawa Balewa, the Okpara to mention but a few, helds ways the political landscape of Nigeria. All what the aspirant needs then is to become one of the political sons of the big masquerades in the political climate of the godfather and he/she gets elected or appointed into any political office. That was the situation in the first and second republics in Nigeria. Godfathers were not political merchants but leaders of their people and their political parties until the collapse of the second republic. The third republic was short-lived and these was no visible presence of the godfather because of the military in the system. The case off Anambra State since 1999 when the political godfather Sir Emeka Offor held the then governor, Dr Chinwoke Mbadinugu to ransom that led to the non-payment of salaries and civil servants for more than one year. This resulted in the closure of schools in the state for one year as a result of teachers strike. In 2003 Dr Chris Ngige emerged the governor of the same state through the help of his Godfather. Chief Chris Uba who held the Governor to ransom for more than two years because the political son refused to play according to the agreement. The whole spectacle that went in Anambra State in that period is still fresh in the memories. The case of Oyo State, where Late Alhaji Lammidi Adedibu, the grandfather of amala politics became an emperor and a law unto himself made Nigeria politics and democracy a laughing stock, Kwara, Imo, Plateau, Kano, Enugu, Edo and many other states are not left out of the nefarious activities of godfathers. Since (2007), election and handover in may 29, 2007 we have witnessed a game of chess and a war of supremacy between the political sons and their godfathers. But the subject matter here is Alhaji Dahiru Mangil an icon, a multibillionaire businessman and philanthropist to the core who saw Godfatherism in politics as an extension of his philanthropy organization. Alhaji Dahiru Baracl Mangal 51 years old in the chairman and managing Director Mangal Airtime, AFDIN Construction Company Nigeria Limited, manasawa Oil Mangal oil, Manasawa enterprises a clearing and forwarding outfit, a transport company and a security outfit with more than 200 staff success Digest. In (1999), Alhaji Umar’Musa Yar’adua as the Governor of Katsina State and his re-election in 2003. Tell magazine. In 2007 election, Alhaji Dahiru Baraumangal repeated that feet again and ensure that Alhaji Umaru Musa Yar’Adua took over from Chief Olusegun Obasanjo as Nigeria next president, a feet he achieved and did not only stop at that, he ensured that the emergence of the present Governor of Kastina State, senators, House of Representative members, State Assembly members, Local government chairman and councilors; not only in his native Katsina State alone, his godfatherism, despite these achievement as a political godfather, Alhaji Mangal does not want to be seen or heard. The cores Operating from the background. He does not like publicity. The Nation Newspaper. Since (1999), Alhaji Dahiru Barau Mangal has not had any quarrel or misunderstanding with any of his political sons including the President Alhaji Umaru Musa Yar Adua because he saw political godfatherism as a philanthropy and embraces it because he lives to give and help those in power and those who are in dire need of help. He never asked any of his political sons for returns neither has hs asked for “ten percent” of the security rotes nor asked to nominate a candidate for any political officers as in the case of other political godfathers who will ask for a share of the security rote of their political son, demand to be given commissioner for finance works and Attorney General of the State. Characteristics of Godfathers The characteristics of Godfathers are in kindness (+) and in Cash (-). In Kindness: They seek for both the godfathers and the community in general. It is optional take all the creditor benefits. In Cash: They seek to receive in cash or check in returns and call the overwhelming shots for the favours. It is equivalent to promoting a run robbery; where as it is a game to take all and so forth. Indicators of godfathers model shows that if political godfathers can supply or seek in kindness. Such represent positive expression of godfatherism. On the contrary, godfatherism in cash is dubious naturally without helping the entire communities. Such represent negative expression of godfathers. At the same time, both in kindness and in cash, that’s the positive and negative respectively, cannot genuinely co-exist in same setting; however, the acceptable among the two is in kind which seek favour for all. Godfatherisms is business, entrepreneurs of godfathers especially the negative kinds are crippling Nigeria in the name of power and profit making. Put differently, it is untidy lucrative enterprise and is analogous supporting prostitutions or arm robbering. The product of godfathers is the godchild supports godfatherisms. Godfathers and the product having been trained to be godfathers now is ready for the market as proud owner of prospective product (godsons) Mutala (2004). Politics of Godfathers (Kingmakers) Kings or traditional Rulers, because of their belief that they are second to lesser gods whom they have to obey. Following that belief, we have some individuals or clans that have been designated as king-makers, whose family lineage has been traditionally endowed in choosing the kings after a king pass on. The kingmakers are believed to possess some power from the lesser gods that people could not challenge. In this present day Nigeria, we could consider such belief to be crude. But it worked in the community while peace and harmony exist. Once the king has been selected, normally, the king has to go back and pay homage to the kingmakers, from that point on, the kingmakers must publicly and traditionally respect the king. Following that cultural background, the political process in Nigeria is experiencing the cultural hiccup of the impact of godfatherism, kingmakers in the political process. We are familiar with the fact that in every move we make, we want to be successful. This is synonymous with the politics in Anambra State during which Chief Chinwoke Mbadinuju’s administration was literally ambushed by his estranged and self acclaimed godfather, Sir Emeka Offor. The crux is the latter’s insistence on a commending and influential role in the affairs of the government, a posture that was rebuffed by Governor Mbadinuju. This later sparked off an unending row between the duo as Chief Offor, who had invested heavily in the successful election of the governor considered himself as a traitor reneged on their agreement reached as a pre-requisite for his sponsorship. This ugly precedent which many observers ascribed to the highly monetized nature of the Nigerian political system, metamorphosed into a nauseating scenario on 10th July 2003. The issue of godfather in Nigerian political process is becoming very interesting and it will take a while before we could get over it. Senator Rashidi Laboya was impeached because of godfather or investor. Unfortunately, part of his sin was lack of respect for President Olusegun Obasanjo while he was mediating in the conflict between Adedibu and Laboja. That is all in a be fair play in the system and adhering to the constitutional responsibilities of both parties involved. On the other hand, we need to show some respects somehow, somewhere even though you were right. Nigerian’s Godfather’s The concept of godfatherism is firmly and deeply establishing itself as a guiding principle in contemporary Nigeria politics. Indeed, following the general election earlier in Anambra State, Chris Uba – the acclaimed godfather of Anambra State in southeast Nigeria do dared a moment of intense self-satisfaction that “I am the greatest godfather in Nigeria because this is the first time an individual single-handedly put in position every politician in the state”. This Day Newspaper. But why do godfathers act through surrogates, rather than take over position themselves? The fundamental problem is that the godfather is either not directly state able to voters or wants to protect himself from liability should be later demand that the surrogates engage in illegal activities. The godfather would therefore prefer that someone else’s name be solid. In some states, godfathers bind their godsons by getting them to sign undated resignation letters and filming them making resignation announcement. If the godson’s fail to deliver to their godfathers after being elected the godfathers are able to simply issue, the resignation letter and video-tape to remove them from office. In some cases, godsons carry the briefcases and become errand boys before their godfathers anoint them for political office. Why should somebody agree to be a godson under such degrading condition. It may not be a difficult question to answer Godsons by all account are often people with almost unlimited greed and avarice. It is an expression that suggests mistrust and indeed distain for democracy. It is useful to recollect that godfatherism in which king pins of the criminal underworld played a major political role, first featured in political science literature in relation to the U.S. city of Chicago in the pre-world war II era. The heads of criminal gangs sponsored politicians kins: science literature under the euphemism of party machine politics. The story of godfatherism in some part of contemporary Nigeria is a fundamental statement about the state of democracy in the country. As long as ruling parties are ready to depend on godfathers for their electoral victories, the citizens and voters can do little but take a sack seat as on lookers. Effect of Godfather’s Activities Politically, a dangerous scenario is being added to the land scale democracy where the executive powers of duly elected governor is being undermined by so-called Godfathers in active connivance with the all powerful Abuja. This, if not checked portends ominous sings or the nations hard earned but nascent democracy Guardian Newspaper. Moreso, with a hardful of powerful individual ambushing the executive Governor of a state because of feeble and illegal agreement. The danger posed by this becomes even more worrisome when viewed from the various allegation of electoral malpractices alleged in the last 2003 general elections when what appeared like a military strategy was visited in some captured states especially in the southwestern part of the country. This phenomenon has further lent support to the yearnings of majority of Nigerians for a restructuring of the wobbled federalism - The Guardian Newspaper. The blessing in disguise, in the vindication of the clamour for a sovereign national conference where the imbalance and age long industries that have been deep rooted in the fabrics of the Nigerian nation could be addressed. Socio-Economic Cost The socio-economic cost of the ongoing crisis in the state must be now be evident to the most passive observer – The Guardian Newspaper. A state with an unstable government, where the governor is forced to place more emphasis on personal protection and security to the detriment of the state and public matters, where the chief executive is confronted with various distractions such as litigation threats to his life and office. The impact on the socio-economic advancement of the state and to the well being of its people is bound to suffer the ultimate result is retardation of development. Government and Politics Nigeria is a federal republic modeled after the United State, with executive power exercised by the president and with overtones of the West Minster system model in the composition and management of the upper and lower houses of the bicameral legislature. The current president of Nigeria is Umaru Musa Yar’Adua who was elected in 2007. The president presided as both Chief of State and Head of Government and is elected by popular vote a maximum of two to four years terms. The presidents power is checked by a senate and a house of representatives, which were combined in a bicameral body called the National Assembly. The senate is a 109-seat body with three members from each state and one from the capital regions of Abuja, members are elected by popular vote to four-year terms. The House contains 360 seats and the number of seats is determined by populations. Ethnocentrisms, tribalism, sectarianism (especially religions) and prebendalism have played a visible role in Nigeria politics both prior and subsequent to independence in 1960, keen selective altruism has made its way into Nigeria politics and has spurned various attempts by tribalists to concentrate federal power to a particular region of their interest. Nationalism has also led to active secessionist movement such as massors, nationalist movement such as Odua Peoples Congress, Movement for Emancipation of the Niger Delta and a civil war. Nigeria’s three largest ethnic groups have maintained historical pre-eminence in Nigeria politics, competition amonst these three groups, the Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo has frilled corruption and graft. Due to the above issue, Nigeria’s current political parties are pan-national and irreligions in character. (Though this does not preclude the continuing pre-eminence of the dominant ethnicities). The major political parties at present include the ruling People’s Democratic Party of Nigeria which maintains 223 seats in the House of Representative and 76 in the senate and is led by the current president, Umaru Musa Yar’adua. The opposition, All Nigeria Peoples Party under the leadership of Muhammadu Buhari has 96 House of Representative seats and 27 in the senate. There are also about twenty other minor opposition parties registered. The outgoing president, Olusegun Obasanjo acknowledged fraud and other electoral “lapses” hint said the result reflected opinion polls. In a national television address, he added that if Nigerians did not like the victory of his hard picked successor they would have an opportunity to vote again in four years. Like in many other African societies, prebendalism and extremely excessive corruption continue to constitute major challenges to Nigeria, as vote rigging and other means of coercion are practiced by all major parties in order to remain competitive. In 1983, it was adjudged by the policy institute at Kano that the 1959 and 1979 elections witnessed minimal rigging. The Role of Civil Education in Democracy Civil education in a democracy is education in self government. Democratic self government means that citizens are actually involved in their own governance, they do not just passively accept the dictums of others or acquiesce to the demands of others. As Aristotle put it in his politics (340BC), if liberty and equality as is thought by some, are chiefly to be found in democracy, they will be attained when all persons alike share in the government to the utmost”. In other words, the ideals of democracy are most completely realized when every member of the political community shares in its governance membership implies participation, but not participation for participations sake. Citizen participation in a democratic society must be based on informed critical reflection, and on the understanding and acceptance of the rights and responsibilities that go with the membership. Civil education in a democratic society must assuredly needs to be concerned with promoting understanding of the ideals of democracy and a reasoned commitment to the values and principles of democracy that does not means, however, that democracy should be presented as utopia. Democracy is not utopia and citizens needs to understand that lest they become cynical, apathetic, or simply with draw from political life when their unrealistic expectation are not met. To be effective civil education must be realistic it must address the central truth about political life. Essential Components of Good Civil Education in Democracy What are the essential component of civil education appropriate for a democratic society. That question was addressed recently in the course of the development of the National Standards for Civil and Government (Center for Civil Education 1994). More than 3,000 individuals and group participated in the development and/or review process. Those voluntary standards which were been receive and critically acclaimed, not only in the country of their origin but in many other nations as well as identify three essential components civil knowledge civil skills. Civil Knowledge Civil knowledge is concerned with the content or what citizens ought to know, the subject matter if you win in both the national standards and the civil framework for the 1998 National Assessment of Educational Progress (N.A.E.P) which currently is underway in schools across the United States, the knowledge component is embodied in the form of five significant and enduring questions. These are questions that have confirmed to engage not only political philosophers and politicians they are question that do or should engaged every thoughtful citizens. The five questions are: (i) What civil life, politics and government? (ii) What are the foundations of political system? (iii) How does the government established by the constitutional embody the purposes, values and principle of Nigeria democracy? (iv) What is the relationship of the Nigeria to other nation and to world affairs? (v) What are the role of citizens in Nigeria democracy? Civil Skills, Intellectual and Participatory The second essential component of civil education in a democratic society is civil skills. if citizens are to exercise their rights and discharge their responsibilities as members of self-governing communications. They are not only needed to acquire a body of knowledge such as that embodied in the five organizing questions just described, they also need to acquire relevant intellectual and participatory skills intellectual skills in civics and government are inseparable from content to be able to think critically about a political issue, for example one must have an understanding of the issue, its history, its contemporary relevance, as well as command of a set of intellectual tools or consideration it serve in dealing with such an issue. The intellectual skills as command for informed, effective, and responsible citizenship sometimes are called critical thinking skills the national standards for civics and government and the civics and framework for the 1998 National Assessment of Educational Progress (N.A.E.P) categorize these skills as identifying and describing explaining and analyzing and evaluating taking and defending positions on public issues. Against civil education enable one to identify or give the meaning or significance of things that are tangible such as the flag, national movement or civil and political event. The need to be able to discern the true purpose for which emotive language and symbols are being employed. Another intellectual skills which good civil education fosters is that of describing the ability to describe functions and process such as legislative checks and balances or judicial review indicative of understanding. Discerning and describing trends, such a participation in civil life immigration or employment helps citizens fit current events in a longer term pattern. Good civic education seeks to developed completeness in explaining and analyzing. CHAPTER THREE METHOD OF THE STUDY The Research Design The method employed in this study is the descriptive survey type, this is because the study is designed to determine the nature of the current status of the situation or subject of study (in the influence of godfatherism in Nigeria politics in the fourth republic). It requires the development of an instrument in descriptive method, the major instrument for obtaining relevant data or information, are usually questionnaires and interview. Population The population of great concern in this study resolves around Anambra which is taken from two local governments notably Nnewi and Akwa based on political zone. Sample and Sampling Techniques The sampling techniques employed in this study is a multi-stage sampling. The first was stratified based on political zones which were followed by local government areas and there after wards location. Instrumentation In the course of carrying out this study, the instruments actually employed to elicit data or information from the respondents were the questionnaire and the interview method. The respondents were instructed to read through the instrument before attempting or answering the questions. The scale consists of some common assessment practices e.g. a three point Likert scale (agreed, undecided and disagreed). Questionnaire The researcher used questionnaire and interview method in collecting her information. In this case, the questionnaire was divided into Sections A and B. Section A carries question, that dealt with respondents perception of Godfatherism in the democratic system which requires the respondents to answer just Yes and No while others required brief statement. Administration of Questionnaire For this study the questionnaire were not posted but were self administered to the respondents the interview method was face to face which enables the researcher to come in contact with members of the public in obtaining information that couldn’t be asked in the questionnaire. On the whole 30 questionnaires were given out while only 22 were received with 8 having errors. Documentary Observation As a fellow up to personal interview the documents showing the records and reports were looked into. Some of the document were got from library and similar project done. Therefore, the reason for using this method is twofolds:. As a future reference for any person researching into the study of Godfatherism. It also provide opportunities for the researcher to use the work that has already been documented from the report findings. Participant Observation This method is very useful when it is out to see the attitude of respondents toward the inept nature of Godfather in the country. From all, it is observed that the general option hates Godfather in all its forms. Invariably, the researcher has actually observed and participated in the activities of political parties in some many localities and the resulting effects remain the same. It also enabled the researcher to determine what constitutes realities and provides more graphic description of social life that can be hierarchically meaningful. Validity of the Instrument The actual validation of instrument employs the same principles and procedures as the validation of questionnaires, there, it was expedient the questionnaires presented to the respondents has a face validity. Hence, it consists coverage of the study with clear and unambiguous questions. More so followed the questionnaires with an interview of a sample of the respondent to see whether their responses to the questionnaire actually represent their views on the study. Reliability of Instrument The reliability of the instrument in this study use the text-re-retest technique, here some of the respondents who have completed the questionnaire also asked to complete it again and their choices were compared for consistency. However, the test-retest approach for consistency. However, the test-retest approach objectively and unbiasly responded to by the respondent. Method of Data Collection In this research work the following methods were used for data collection: The questionnaires method The interview method The Interview Method As a research method, interview is a conversation carried out with the aim of obtaining certain information. The interview questions were unstructured and showed the precise aim of the study. Method of Data Analysis Data collected in the course of this research work were analyzed using various means to make sure the findings are presented in simple forms that will be easy to understand more clearly and precisely. The data so collected were presented using tables and analyzed with percentages. CHAPTER FOUR ANALYSIS OF DATA AND DISCUSSION A number of property designed questionnaires framed to fully investigate the problem in content were examined for use in this project. In other words, a number of questions reflecting the problems that this project was set to solve were drawn up into questionnaires. The aim of this project was primarily to know the effect of Godfatherism in Nigeria politics in the fourth republic; the role of education, and this is aimed at analyzing the data collected from the research conducted. The data required to investigate these problems were obtained from the administered questionnaires and interviews. The questionnaires sent to the respondent sought information in the following areas as analyzed. Table 1: Response Pattern of the Stated Item description analyzed as follows: Number of Respondents Percentage of Respondents Agreed 15 68.2% Undecided 5 22.7% Disagreed 2 9.1% Total 22 100% As show in table 1, 68.2% agreed that the sponsorship of election by godfathers will lead to various allegation of electoral malpractice while 22.7% undecided and 9.1% disagreed. Table 2: Shows the response pattern of the stated item description analyzed as follows: The respondents were asked if it is notable and wealthy Nigerians who decide the day-to-day activities of the government in the fourth republic. Number of Respondents Percentage of Respondents Agreed 13 59.1% Undecided 6 17.3% Disagreed 3 13.6% Total 22 100% Table 2 shows that 59.1% agreed that notable and wealthy Nigerians decides the day-to-day activities of the government in the fourth republic while 27.3% undecided and 13.6% disagreed. Table 3: Shows the response Pattern of the Stated Item description analyzed as follows: The respondents were asked if the on going crisis in various state has encourage politicians contesting at different level to join a confraternity. Number of Respondents Percentage of Respondents Agreed 20 90.9% Undecided 1 4.5% Disagreed 1 4.5% Total 22 100% Table 3 shows that 90.9% agreed that politicians contesting at various level of government join confraternity while 4.5% undecided and 4.5% disagreed. Table 4: Shows response pattern of the Stated Item description analyzed as follows: The respondents were asked if the on going nation woes would be blamed on political godfathers. Number of Respondents Percentage of Respondents Agreed 15 68.2% Undecided 5 22.7% Disagreed 2 9.1% Total 22 100% Table 4 shows that 68.2% agreed that the on going nation woes should be blamed on political godfathers while 22.7% undecided and 9.1% disagreed. Table 5: Shows the response Pattern of the Stated Item description analyzed as follows: The respondents were asked if the on going crisis in various state present a situation where the executive power of the duly elected governor is being undermined by the so called godfather. Number of Respondents Percentage of Respondents Agreed 16 72.7% Undecided 4 18.2% Disagreed 2 9.1% Total 22 100% Table 5 shows that 72.7% agreed that the on going crisis in various state present a situation where the executive power of the study elected governor is being undermined by so called godfather while 18.2% undecided and 9.1% disagreed. Table 6: Shows the response pattern of the Stated Item description analyzed as follows: The respondents were asked if the situation in the states where godfather exist in obviously not healthy for national development. Number of Respondents Percentage of Respondents Agreed 17 77.5% Undecided 2 9.1% Disagreed 3 13.6% Total 22 100% Table 6 shows that 77.3% agreed that situation in the states where godfather exist is obviously not healthy for national development while 9.1% undecided and 13.6% disagreed. Table 7: Shows the response pattern of the stated item description analyzed as follows: The respondents were asked if the impact of the crisis on the socio-economic advancement of the state and to the well being of its people is bound to suffer. Number of Respondents Percentage of Respondents Agreed 16 72.7% Undecided 4 18.2% Disagreed 2 9.1% Total 22 100% Table 7 shows that 22.7% agreed that the impact of the crisis on the socio-economic advancement of the state and to the well being of its people is bound to suffer while 45.5% undecided and 38% disagreed. Table 8: Shows the response pattern of the stated item description analyzed as follows: The respondents were asked if the alternate result of the crisis in states where godfather exist retarded development economically and politically. Number of Respondents Percentage of Respondents Agreed 20 90.9% Undecided 1 4.5% Disagreed 1 4.5% Total 22 100% Table 8 shows that 90.9% agreed that the alternate result of the crisis in states where godfather exist retarded development economically and politically while 4.5% undecided and 4.5% disagreed. Table 9: Shows the response pattern of the stated item description analyzed as follows: The respondents were asked if the fundamental human rights of an average citizens is protected with the ongoing crisis in a state where godfather exist. Number of Respondents Percentage of Respondents Agreed 12 54.5% Undecided 5 22.7% Disagreed 5 22.7% Total 22 100% Table 9 shows that 45.5% agreed that the fundamental human rights of an average citizens is protected with the on going crisis is a state where godfather exist while 22.3% undecided and 22.3% disagreed. Table 10: Shows the response pattern of the stated item description analyzed as follows: The respondents were asked that in a state with unstable government where the governor is forced to place more emphasis on personal protection and security will the citizens life and property will be protected and secured too. Number of Respondents Percentage of Respondents Agreed 12 54.5% Undecided 8 30.3% Disagreed 2 9.1% Total 22 100% Table 10 shows that 45.5% agreed that in a state with unstable government where the governor is forced to place more emphasis on personal protection and security of the citizens life and property be protected and secured too while 45.5% undecided and 9.1% disagreed. Table 11: Shows the response pattern of the stated item description analyzed as follows: The respondents were asked if education influences Nigerian politics and politicians. Number of Respondents Percentage of Respondents Agreed 12 54.5% Undecided 2 9.1% Disagreed 8 36.3% Total 22 100% Table 11 shows that 45.5% agreed that education influences Nigerian politics and politicians while 9.1% undecided and 45.5% disagreed. Discussion Looking at the response of the respondents from tables above, the analysis clearly deduces/shows that more than 54.5% agreed while less than 36.3% were undecided and less and 36.3% disagree with the itemized description. As show in table 1, 68.2% agreed that the sponsorship of election by godfathers will lead to various allegation of electorial malpractice while 22.7% undecided and 9.1% disagreed. Table 2 shows that 59.1% agreed that notable and wealthy Nigerians decides the day-to-day activities of the government in the fourth republic while 27.3% undecided and 13.6% disagreed. Table 6 shows that 77.3% agreed that situation in the states where godfather exist is obviously not healthy for national development while 9.1% undecided and 13.6% disagreed. Table 8 shows that 90.9% agreed that the alternate result of the crisis in states where godfather exist retarded development economically and politically while 4.5% undecided and 4.5% disagreed. Table 11 shows that 45.5% agreed that education influences Nigerian politics and politicians while 9.1% undecided and 45.5% disagreed. Hence, this means/suggests that the aforementioned itemized description is accepted. CHAPTER FIVE SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Summary This research work highlights the key issues on this effect of gofatherism and politics in Nigerians political context in the fourth republic. A case study of Anambra elite under executive governor Chief (Dr.) Chris Nwabuze Ngige and Chief Chris Uba as the godfather. Chapter one of this research work, gave an insight as to what godfatherism is all about. In this chapter we were exposed to the ways and the manners of satisfying aspirants compelling need for the support and sponsorship of money bags. Chapter two, gave a comprehensive and detailed analysis on the issue of godfatherism in politics. Chapter three employs the research methodology and also the instrumentation to be used. Chapter four, gave an analysis of the result of the questionnaire was explicitly analysis. Conclusion Research on personably attributes has indicates that, clearly there are not strongly answers to personality out some variable or parameter like the hereditary situations and environmental factors may contribute to any behaviour. Critics argue that ethics are based on “values” and values systems are fixed it an early age by the time. People staff writing in most private and political or public sector, their ethical values are already established, the personality reflects churches, mosques temples and in school. Therefore, critics have concluded that ethics cannot be formally taught but must be example. Our leaders (political) must set ethnical standards by exampling of what they say and do. In the light of the above, in “gritty” the words of Governor, Nyame in favour of godfatherism in politics, it is much easier fortunately to reach a “gritty verdict on why the famous godfatherism. In favour of god fathers suggests that Chief Chris Uba as a individuals in democratic attempt to shape the political culture of the state before and after he leaves office to benefits his political reference. The verdict is clearly “guilty” as charged. In a typical African society today traditional kingdom is the only monarch in existence, which of late of formed as private kingdom due to the limited role. Traditional Chiefs played since the introduction is now creating a democracy or public kingdom. When you acquire wealth legally or illegally ones voice becomes an authority. A look at Chief Chris Uba of strong favour of godfatherism in politics, in suggesting the Uba in attempting to create such kingdom whose he can make use of the illegal wealth and dictate the future of Anamrba state and in anticipation Nigeria after Chris Ngige steps down. Anambra State cannot be run by a voice of an individual creating an enterprise of one voice in multi ethnic nationalities such as Anambra State will be very dicey. In conclusion the answer to the Anambra saga rests in the massive restructuring and over haunting of Nigeria’s political system towards the building of an equity based egalitarian, fair and just society, this must encompass elements of commitment towards national restructuring. If those steps are not meticulously allowed another, Anambra might be around the comes as we are beginning to see in Oyo State between Chief Adediba and Governor Rasheed Ladiya, in Kwara State between father and son Alhaji Suraki and Governor Bukola Saraki. Recommendations Since many among us are running dirty and dubious business, our prospective or state governors have to go through such sponsorship to be elected or selected, the federal government of Nigeria, must discourage such behaviours by slashing fees within the search of candidates, or no fees to be paid by candidates campaign in their chose party affiliation and their parties screen those individuals thoroughly and preliminaries with no regards to favouritism, but ability to lead. Recall? Our leaders and lawmakers are people representatives therefore to elect leaders that do not promote public or business interests and the development of our states must not be allowed to contest election or rule that most competent aspirants must be those that could properly represent the people. The need for prospective state governor’s sponsorships through godfathers is encouraging the entrepreneurs of godfatherism to run our state and select our leaders who are incompetent as we all run our respective state. Nigeria society do not need deem fits politicians, but fits capable political leaders. The final verdict and acceptable in the godfathers in kindness, normally Nigerians must be reorganized or repositioned for the future generations where no one seeks favours for reasons or making money and calling shots instead, godfathers in kind can still cal fairly ethical shots and live a lifetime with fewer problems when our leaders seek godfatherisms in cash would likely be on the loose creating enemies and up in jail. BIBLIOGRAPHY Abiodun, F. (200), January 6 NBO Deplores Courts Ruling for Governor’s Removal. The Guardian Newspaper, p. 122. China, A. (2008), December 7, Countering Nigeria’s Anti-Intellectualism. Champion Newspaper (2003), October 29, Backstabbing is too much in Politics. Dele, O. (2003), October 6, “Arrange” Governors in Trouble, Godfathers Declares War, Tell Magazine. Ebun-Olu, A. (2004), November 8, Monetization and Force in Nigerian Politics. Extracted from a paper delivered at a symposium organized by Christian Association of Nigeria (CAN), Mainland Chapter at Yaba Baptist Church, Lagos. Ehusani (2002), November 20, Autocracy are in Power, Nigeria Thisday Newspaper. Emmanuel, O. & Francis, O. (2004), January 6, Governments position on Crisis Tomorrow, the Guardian Newspaper, pp. 1 & 2. Mustafa, 3. H. III (2004), June 12, Godfatherism in Politics: The Uncreative Enterprise Develand, TNUSA. Wola, A. (2004), October 6, Walking a Tightoope, Tell Magazine. Oyinlomo, O. (2003), October, 22, The Politics of Godfatherism, extracted from a paper delivered at the 2003/2004, orientation/freshers week of National Association of Political Science Student NAPSS LASU Chapter. Section A Personal data and respondent perception of Godfather. 1. Age: 18 – 25 [ ], 26 – 33 [ ], 34 – 40 [ ], 41 and above [ ] 2. Sex: Male [ ], Female [ ] 3. Education: Primary [ ], Secondary [ ], Tertiary [ ], Non [ ]. 4. Occupation: Professional [ ], Non professional [ ]. 5. Local Government Area:______________________ 6. Can you define Godfather? Yes [ ], No [ ] 7. Is Godfather existing in Nigeria politics? Y