ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF CALOTROPIS PROCERA ROOT EXTRACT AGAINST GARDNERELLA VAGINALLIS
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe increasing prevalence of bacterial infections and rising resistance to antibiotics necessitate the exploration of alternative antimicrobial agents derived from natural sources. Calotropis procera, a medicinal plant known for its bioactive compounds, has shown promise in traditional medicine for its therapeutic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of Calotropis procera root extract against Gardnerella vaginalis, a common anaerobic bacterium associated with bacterial vaginosis. Phytochemical analysis of the extract identified the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, and steroids in moderate to high levels, suggesting potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulating effects, while tannins were absent. Biochemical characterization confirmed that Gardnerella vaginalis is oxidase-negative, catalase-negative, and Gram-variable, consistent with its known properties. Sensitivity testing indicated strong inhibition by metronidazole at full concentration (100%), with reduced efficacy observed at lower concentrations (75%, 50%, and 25%). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Calotropis procera root extract against Gardnerella vaginalis was determined at 25%, while the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was observed at 50%, showing no bacterial growth. These results suggest that the bioactive compounds in Calotropis procera root extract, particularly saponins and steroids, contribute to its antimicrobial activity. In conclusion, Calotropis procera root extract exhibits significant potential as a natural antimicrobial agent against Gardnerella vaginalis, warranting further research to optimize its formulation for clinical applications.
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