ASSESSMENT OF FIRE OUT BREAK IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDING WITHIN ZARIA METROPOLIS

ABSTRACT Fire outbreaks in residential buildings within the Zaria metropolis have become a recurring threat, resulting in significant loss of lives and property. This study assessed the causes, impacts, and level of fire safety preparedness in residential buildings within the Zaria local metropolis. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, utilizing a sample of [Insert Number] households across selected wards in the metropolis. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and field observations, and analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency counts and percentages. The findings revealed that the major causes of fire outbreaks in the area include electrical faults (such as power surges and faulty wiring), human carelessness (unattended cooking and improper use of candles/kerosene lamps), and poor storage of flammable materials. Furthermore, the assessment showed a low level of fire safety compliance, as most residential buildings lacked basic fire-fighting equipment like fire extinguishers, smoke detectors, and clearly defined escape routes. The study also identified that high-density residential areas face greater risks due to poor accessibility for fire-fighting vehicles. In conclusion, while fire outbreaks are not entirely unpreventable, the lack of awareness and inadequate safety infrastructure exacerbates their impact. The study recommends that the Kaduna State Fire Service and local authorities embark on intensive public sensitization campaigns. Additionally, homeowners should be mandated to install basic fire safety devices, and urban planning regulations must be strictly enforced to ensure fire truck accessibility in residential neighborhoods. Keywords: Fire Outbreak, Residential Buildings, Zaria Metropolis, Fire Safety Measures, Disaster Preparedness.