PRODUCTION OF ORGANIC SOAP FROM PLANTAIN PEEL AND MIXTURE OF SHEA-BUTTER OIL AND NEEM OIL AND EVALUATION OF PHYSIO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

This research investigates the production of organic soap using plantain peel ash, shea butter oil, and neem oil, with an emphasis on evaluating its physico-chemical properties. The soap was formulated through saponification using alkali extracted from plantain peel. The physical and chemical properties of the soap were thoroughly analyzed. The pH value of the soap was 10.2, indicating high alkalinity typical of cleaning soaps but potentially harsh on sensitive skin. The soap exhibited a hard and rough texture and an ash-like color. Foam tests revealed a 3 cm foam thickness with long persistence, while the foamability test recorded a height of 2.2 cm, reflecting good but moderate foaming ability. The soap’s emulsification properties were satisfactory, as it produced foam with effective emulsification. Chemical tests demonstrated that the soap reacted with NaCl and KCl, forming a light brown precipitate with foam, and with FeCl₃, producing a thick brown precipitate. Phenolphthalein tests showed a deep pink color, confirming the presence of excess alkali. The soap's high pH and rough texture suggest it is more suitable for industrial or household cleaning rather than personal care. This study demonstrates the potential of using agricultural waste and plant-based oils for sustainable soap production, with recommendations to reduce alkalinity and improve texture for broader application.