RURAL-URBAN DIFFERENTIALS IN UNDER-FIVE MORTALITY IN OSUN STATE

This study examines rural-urban differentials in under-five mortality in Osun State, Nigeria, with a focus on understanding the socio-economic, healthcare, and cultural factors contributing to these disparities. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through household surveys and key informant interviews in both rural and urban areas of the state. The findings reveal a significant rural-urban divide in under-five mortality, with rural areas experiencing substantially higher mortality (13.0%) compared to urban areas (4.8%). Key factors influencing these disparities include limited access to healthcare facilities, lower utilization of antenatal care, and fewer deliveries attended by skilled professionals in rural areas. Socio-economic variables, such as lower household income and education levels, also play a critical role in the observed differences. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and logistic regression, confirm that access to healthcare, antenatal care attendance, and skilled birth attendance are significant predictors of under-five mortality. The study highlights the urgent need for targeted interventions to improve healthcare infrastructure, increase maternal care services, and address socioeconomic inequalities in rural areas to reduce under-five mortality in Osun State. This research contributes to the understanding of rural-urban health disparities in Nigeria and provides policy recommendations for improving child health outcomes