NUTRITIONAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF BITTER LEAF (V. AMYGDALINA)
Abstract
Vernonia amygdalina, commonly known as bitter leaf, is a widely consumed leafy vegetable and medicinal plant in many African countries, particularly in Nigeria. This study evaluated the nutritional composition and phytochemical constituents of bitter leaf to ascertain its potential health benefits and dietary value. Proximate analysis was carried out to determine moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fiber, fat, and carbohydrate contents using standard analytical methods. Mineral elements such as calcium, iron, potassium, and magnesium were also assessed. Phytochemical screening was conducted to identify the presence of bioactive compounds including alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, and glycosides.
The results revealed that bitter leaf contains appreciable amounts of protein, dietary fiber, and essential minerals, indicating its potential contribution to improved nutritional status. The phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of significant bioactive compounds known for antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties. The combination of nutritional richness and therapeutic phytochemicals supports the traditional use of bitter leaf in managing various ailments.
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