ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION AND DIVERSITY OF FRESH WATER SNAILS OF MEDICAL IMPORTANCE IN LOKOJA KOGI STATE NIGERIA

Freshwater snails play a critical role as intermediate hosts in the transmission of schistosomiasis and other parasitic diseases of major public health concern. This study investigated the abundance, distribution, and diversity of freshwater snails of medical importance in Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria. Snail sampling was conducted at two aquatic sites—Kpata River and Mount Patti River— using scoop nets and forceps, with species identification carried out through morphological characteristics and standard taxonomic keys. A total of 55 snails representing five species were collected: Bellamya juncunda (16.3%), Bellamya capillata (16.3%), Pila globosa (9.1%), Pila ovata (10.9%), and Pila wernei (47.2%). Species diversity analysis using the Shannon–Weiner Diversity Index revealed higher diversity at Kpata River (H′ ≈ 1.38), where species were more evenly distributed, compared to Mount Patti River (H′ ≈ 0.75), which was heavily dominated by Pila wernei. The overall diversity index across both sites was 1.41, indicating moderate species richness and evenness within Lokoja’s freshwater ecosystems. The dominance of Pila wernei in Mount Patti River suggests that specific ecological factors in this habitat favor its proliferation, which may influence the risk of parasite transmission in surrounding communities. The study underscores the uneven distribution of medically important snail species across different aquatic environments, with implications for schistosomiasis control strategies in the region. It is recommended that continuous ecological surveillance of snail populations be carried out in Lokoja and across Kogi State, coupled with proper environmental management, improved sanitation, and community sensitization on the risks of contact with infested waters. Further large-scale and seasonal studies are needed to provide a comprehensive understanding of snail distribution patterns to inform integrated schistosomiasis control programs.