THE IMPACT OF CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS ON DEMOCRATIC STABILITY IN NIGERIA

This study examines the impact of civil-military relations on democratic stability in Nigeria. The relationship between civilian authorities and the military institution has remained a major factor influencing political development and democratic consolidation in Nigeria. Since independence in 1960, Nigeria has experienced periods of military rule, political instability, coups, and democratic transitions, all of which have shaped the nature of civil-military relations in the country. The study adopts the democratic control theory and elite theory as frameworks for understanding the interaction between civilian governments and the military. Data for the study were obtained from secondary sources including textbooks, journal articles, newspapers, government reports, and online materials. The research found that poor civil-military relations contribute to political instability, weak democratic institutions, insecurity, abuse of human rights, and lack of public trust in government institutions. The study further revealed that democratic stability in Nigeria depends largely on effective civilian control of the military, professionalism within the armed forces, respect for constitutional principles, and adherence to the rule of law. The study concludes that strengthening democratic institutions and promoting accountability, transparency, and military professionalism are necessary for sustainable democracy in Nigeria. The study recommends improved democratic governance, constitutional reforms, proper funding and training of security institutions, and increased civic education to strengthen civil-military relations and democratic stability in Nigeria.