ANALYSIS OF HEAVY METALS AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS FROM SELECTED BOREHOLE WATER IN BUNZA

This study assessed the physicochemical parameters and heavy metal concentrations in borehole water samples collected from three different locations (Borehole A, B, and C) in Bunza town, Bunza Local Government Area of Kebbi State, Nigeria. The aim was to evaluate the quality of the water for domestic use and to determine the level of heavy metal pollution. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride, and total hardness were determined using standard methods. Heavy metals (Chromium, Nickel, Zinc, Iron, Cadmium, and Copper) were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) after acid digestion of the samples. The results showed that most physicochemical parameters were within WHO permissible limits except for pH in two samples which were slightly acidic. For heavy metals, Iron and Cadmium exceeded WHO recommended limits in some samples, while Nickel slightly exceeded the limit in one borehole. Chromium, Zinc, and Copper were generally within acceptable limits. The study concludes that some of the borehole water sources in the study area are contaminated with heavy metals (especially Cadmium and Iron) and may pose potential health risks to the inhabitants with prolonged consumption. Recommendations were made for regular monitoring, treatment of contaminated sources, and increased environmental awareness. Keywords: Borehole water, Heavy metals, Physicochemical parameters, Water quality, Bunza, Kebbi State.