THE ROLE OF SECURITY AGENCIES IN A FREE, FAIR AND CREDIBLE ELECTION IN 2023 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN NIGERIA: OYO SCOPE

This study investigates the role of security agencies in ensuring a free, fair, and credible 2023 presidential election in Oyo State, Nigeria, focusing on four local government areas: Afijio, Atiba, Oyo East, and Oyo West. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines qualitative interviews with stakeholders and quantitative surveys to assess the effectiveness, challenges, and improvement strategies for security operations during the election. Findings reveal that security agencies, including the Nigeria Police Force, Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps, and the military, effectively maintained law and order, safeguarded electoral materials, and collaborated with the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) to ensure a smooth voting process. However, logistical constraints, political interference, and inadequate manpower posed significant challenges. Respondents strongly supported increased personnel deployment, enhanced inter-agency coordination, improved welfare packages, and the use of technology, such as CCTV and communication devices, to strengthen future electoral security. The study concludes that while security agencies significantly contributed to the credibility of the 2023 election, addressing these challenges is crucial for enhancing their performance in future elections. Recommendations include mitigating political interference, improving logistical support, and leveraging technology to bolster electoral integrity and public trust in Nigeria’s democratic process.