IMPLICATIONS OF CARD READER ON ELECTORAL MALPRACTICE IN NIGERIA | ACADEMIC PROJECT

Elections remain a cornerstone of democracy, but in Nigeria, the credibility of the electoral process has long been threatened by widespread malpractice such as ballot stuffing, multiple voting, and falsification of results. In response, the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) introduced the card reader technology with the aim of enhancing transparency, ensuring proper voter accreditation, and reducing electoral fraud. This study examines the implications of the card reader on electoral malpractice in Nigeria, focusing on its effectiveness, limitations, and overall impact on democratic consolidation. The research adopts a descriptive and analytical approach, drawing from both primary and secondary sources, including official electoral reports, scholarly works, and empirical observations of past elections where the card reader was deployed. Findings reveal that while the card reader has significantly reduced certain forms of malpractice—particularly multiple voting and ghost registrations—it has also faced challenges such as technical failures, poor internet connectivity, inadequate training of electoral officials, and deliberate attempts at sabotage by political actors. The study concludes that the card reader represents an important step towards credible elections, but its effectiveness depends on continuous improvement, strong institutional support, and political will to enforce its usage. It further recommends investment in more robust electoral technologies, capacity building for election officials, and sensitization of the electorate to strengthen public confidence. The research is therefore significant for policymakers, electoral bodies, political stakeholders, and citizens, as it highlights the practical relevance of technology in safeguarding Nigeria's democratic future and reducing electoral malpractice.