INDEX AND MINERALOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CHARNOKITE DERIVED LATERITIC SOIL FROM ADO EKITI

This study investigated the index and mineralogical properties of charnokite-derived lateritic soil obtained from Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria, with the aim of evaluating its engineering characteristics and suitability for construction purposes. Soil samples were collected from selected locations underlain by charnokite bedrock and subjected to laboratory analyses. The index properties determined included natural moisture content, specific gravity, particle size distribution, Atterberg limits, and soil classification. Mineralogical characterization was carried out using standard analytical techniques such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and other relevant mineral identification methods. The results revealed that the soil is predominantly composed of fine-grained particles with moderate plasticity characteristics. The liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index values indicated that the soil possesses acceptable engineering properties for use as a construction material under controlled conditions. The specific gravity values reflected the presence of stable mineral constituents commonly associated with residual lateritic soils. Mineralogical analysis showed that the soil is mainly composed of quartz, kaolinite, feldspar, and iron oxide minerals, which are typical products of the weathering of charnokitic parent rocks. The abundance of quartz contributed to the soil's mechanical stability, while kaolinite influenced its plasticity and moisture-retention characteristics. The study concluded that the charnokite-derived lateritic soil from Ado-Ekiti possesses favorable index properties and mineralogical composition that make it potentially suitable for geotechnical and construction applications, including road subgrade and foundation materials. However, proper evaluation and stabilization measures may be necessary in areas where excessive fines or moisture sensitivity occur. The findings provide valuable information for engineers, geologists, and construction professionals involved in infrastructure development within the region.