VARIATION OF SOIL MICRONUTRIENTS (ZN, MN, & CU) IN RELATION TO THE PROXIMITY OF HOUSEHOLD FARMS AND POPULATION DENSITY IN GEZAWA LGA, KANO STATE

ABSTRACT Soil micronutrients play a crucial role in crop growth, food quality, and agricultural productivity, particularly in rural household farms where subsistence and small-scale farming dominate. This study investigates the variation of zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) in soils of household farms in Gezawa Local Government Area, Kano State, in relation to farm proximity and population density. Soil samples were collected from selected sites across different settlements and analyzed using standard laboratory procedures. The results revealed that micronutrient concentrations varied significantly with both population density and the closeness of farms to residential areas. Generally, farms located in highly populated zones exhibited reduced levels of Zn and Cu, possibly due to continuous cultivation, nutrient mining, and limited replenishment practices. Conversely, Mn concentrations were relatively higher in certain locations, suggesting site-specific influences such as soil type and organic matter input. The findings highlight the need for integrated soil fertility management practices, including balanced fertilizer application and organic amendments, to sustain soil health and enhance crop productivity in the area. This study contributes to understanding the spatial variation of soil nutrients in relation to human settlement patterns and provides recommendations for improved agricultural sustainability in Gezawa LGA.