PRE-WEANING MORTALITY ON SMALL RUMINANT (SHEEP AND GOAT) AND ITS PREVENTION IN KANO STATE (A CASE STUDY OF TARAUNI LOCAL GOVERNMENT, KAUYEN ALU WARD)

Pre-weaning mortality in small ruminants, particularly sheep and goats, remains a major constraint to livestock productivity and rural household income. This study examines the causes, magnitude, and preventive strategies associated with the death of lambs and kids before weaning age. Key factors contributing to mortality include inadequate maternal care, low birth weight, starvation, hypothermia, infectious diseases (notably diarrhea and pneumonia), and predation. The study also evaluates farmers‘ management practices, revealing significant gaps in colostrum administration, hygiene, disease prevention, and provision of adequate shelter. Data were obtained through structured questionnaires administered to livestock keepers. Results show that the majority of deaths occur within the first week of life and are largely attributable to preventable causes. Enhancing management practices—such as ensuring timely colostrum intake, maintaining proper housing, performing navel disinfection, implementing vaccination programs, and strengthening predator control—can substantially reduce pre-weaning mortality. Addressing these factors has the potential to markedly improve survival rates, overall productivity, and income derived from small ruminant production.