MAPPING AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION PATTTERN OF POLLING UNITS OF BIU TOWN IN BIU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA BORNO STATE.

Efficient electoral processes rely heavily on the equitable distribution and accessibility of polling units. This study focuses on mapping and spatial analysis of polling units in Biu Town, Borno State, Nigeria, with the aim of assessing their spatial distribution, accessibility, and alignment with population needs. Using Geographic Information System (GIS) tools, the locations of polling units were mapped and analyzed in relation to population density, road networks, and administrative boundaries. Spatial analysis techniques, including proximity analysis and spatial pattern evaluation, were applied to determine how polling units are distributed across the town. Results show that polling units in Biu Town are unevenly distributed, with significant clustering in the centre of the study area and sparse coverage in peripheral communities. Some wards such as Galdimare according to the buffer analysis carried out is over served, having an average of 600 registered voters per polling units with multiple overlap of a buffer of 600m radius while all other wads (Yawe, Sul'umtha, Dugja, Zara wuyaku) within the study area are having and average of 1000 registered voters per polling unit with little or no overlap of the buffer analysis in the respective wards. The query analysis showed that 72 Polling Units (out of the 88 total Polling units) have registered voters of not less than 500 and above. These PUs are predominantly located within the central clustered zones and represent the core electoral infrastructure handling the majority of the voter population. The study highlights the need for a more balanced spatial distribution of polling units to promote inclusiveness and voter participation. Recommendations include establishing additional polling units in underserved areas, improving access routes, and integrating spatial data analysis into electoral planning and policy-making. This would ensure that electoral services are more accessible, reduce voter disenfranchisement, and enhance the overall credibility of the electoral process in Biu Town. By applying spatial analysis, this research provides a framework for more equitable electoral infrastructure planning, not only in Biu but also in other regions facing similar spatial challenges.