SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SAND PAPER (FISCUS EXASPERATA) LEAVE MEDIATED GREEN SYNTHESIZED SILVER NANOPARTICLES AND IT’S PREVENTION AGAINST VITAMI N C IMBALANCE INDUCTION BY SODIUM NITRITE TOXICITY IN WISTAR RAT.
Abstract
The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has emerged as a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach in nanotechnology. In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using Fiscus exasperata leaf extract (FE-AgNP) and characterized for their potential biochemical effects. The synthesis involved reducing silver ions (Ag⁺) to silver nanoparticles (Ag0) via the phytochemicals present in the plant extract. Characterization techniques such as UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Gas chromatography Mass spectrometry (GCMS), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) were employed to confirm the nanoparticles' size, shape, crystallinity, and chemical composition. The UV-Vis spectra revealed a Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) peak at 425 nm, indicating successful nanoparticle synthesis. FTIR analysis showed peaks at 1650 cm⁻¹ and 3400 cm⁻¹, corresponding to C=O and O-H functional groups, respectively, confirming the role of Terpenoids and phenolic compounds in nanoparticle stabilization. The GC-MS analysis revealed key phytochemicals like Diethyl Phthalate, Oleic Acid, 1-Hexacosene, Methyl 18-Methylnonadecanoate, and Squalene, It also showed the classes of the phytochemicals present Phenolic compounds (Diethyl Phthalate, Oleic Acid, methyl 18-Methylnonadecanoate), Terpenoid (1-Hexacosene), & Steroid (Squalene) which facilitates silver ion reduction and nanoparticle formation. XRD analysis showed distinct 2θ values peaks at 38.14°, 44.39°, 64.49°, and 77.57°, indicating a face-centered cubic (fcc) crystalline structure. The in vivo study evaluated in Wistar Rats exposed to sodium nitrite exhibited significant oxidative stress and kidney damage, as indicated by decreased GSH levels and elevated creatinine. The lethal dose (LD50) of Fiscus exasperata-mediated silver nanoparticles (FE-AgNP) was determined to be over 2000 mg/kg, indicating low toxicity under normal conditions. This research showed that FE-AgNP preserve normal vitamin C levels in Wistar rats, except when disrupted by sodium nitrite-induced toxicity. Hence, the green synthesis of FEAgNP showed promising potential for in vivo protection against induced toxicity by maintaining vitamin c levels in Wistar rats.
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