HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TRACHEA AND LUNGS EXPOSED TO FORMALDEHYDE VAPOUR IN WISTAR RATS
Abstract
This research is an experimental study on histopathological assessment of effects of Formaldehyde vapour on respiratory tract of wistar rat. Formaldehyde is needed in medical laboratories for tissue preservation. The aim is to study the effects of formaldehyde vapour on the histology of respiratory tract of wistar rats. Twelve (12) wistar rats were randomly divided in to four (4) groups of three (3) rats each. Group A (control group) were not exposed, while group B, C and D (test groups) were exposed to the 10mls of 10% Formaldehyde for 10 minutes, 20 minutes and 30 minutes respectively, for a period of twenty-one (21) consecutive days. At the end of the experiments, the animals were sacrificed and trachea and lungs were harvested. The organs were processed, cut into thin sections and then stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain. The stained sections were mounted and observed with light microscope. Histological examination of the trachea and lungs in the control (A) group shows a normal morphology of trachea and lungs tissues. Histological examinations of the trachea in group B shows epithelial ulceration and the lungs in group B shows expanded alveolar tissue. The histological examination of trachea in the test groups C shows damage in cartilage with epithelial ulceration and the lungs of the test group C shows area of expanded thickened alveolar tissue and haemorrhage. The results from test group D, trachea shows areas of cartilage ulceration without epithelial tissue and lungs tissue shows area of inflammation and vascular congestion. Based on the findings of the above research, Formaldehyde has effects on Respiratory tract as follows: in trachea formaldehyde vapour led to ulceration of epithelial tissue and degeneration of hyaline cartilage. In lung Formaldehyde vapour led to expansion of alveolar tissue, vascular conjunction and inflammation. Based on our research it can be concluded that Formaldehyde has effect on Respiratory tract which increase with increase duration of exposure.
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