DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MICROCONTROLLER BASED GREENHOUSE AUTOMATION SYSTEM USING IOT

Agriculture plays a vital role in the development of a country, as it not only ensures food availability but also serves as a major contributor to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). It has been the primary occupation of humans since early civilization. However, the continued growth of agriculture is increasingly threatened by changes in climatic conditions. Greenhouse farming is one major solution to mitigate the effects of climate change on crop production; hence, its adoption has been steadily growing in many countries. This method of plant production is designed to maintain controlled atmospheric conditions inside the greenhouse, directly influencing plant growth. This project involves the design and implementation of a two-square-meter greenhouse automation system integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) technology for remote monitoring and control. The system uses an ESP32 microcontroller connected via Wi-Fi to the Blynk dashboard, enabling real-time monitoring from anywhere in the world. Sensors used include a DHT11 for temperature and humidity monitoring, a capacitive soil moisture sensor for measuring soil water content, and an LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) for detecting light intensity. Actuators such as a fan (for temperature control) and a water pump (for irrigation) are controlled through a motor driver. The hardware implementation comprises the ESP32, power supply, DHT11 sensor, moisture sensor, LDR, fan, pump, and motor driver. Through IoT integration, users can continuously monitor and control the vital parameters of the greenhouse environment — temperature, soil moisture, and light intensity ensuring optimal conditions for plant growth.