PREVALENCE AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF GRAMNEGATIVE BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM STUDENTS’ URINE IN THE FACULTY OF SCIENCES BENUE STATE UNIVERSITY, MAKURDI
Abstract
The global spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious threat to global public health. This study was carried out to determine the Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from students’ urine. Fifty (50) midstream urine samples were collected and analyzed. The urine samples were inoculated onto Cystine lactose electrolyte-deficient agar, MacConkey agar and Eosin Methylene Blue agar and incubated for 24 h. The colonies obtained were sub-cultured repeatedly to obtain pure isolates. The isolates were identified using morphologically and biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates were determined using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Bacteria isolated were Klebsiella species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli. Escherichia coli (63.89%) had the highest rate of occurrence while the least was observed in P. aeruginosa (11.11%), p=0.000. The highest rate was recorded from age range 23-28 and 29-34 (16.0%, n=8) each, while 17-22 (6.0%) had the least, p=0.112. Female subject (30.0%) had the highest occurrence rate while male subject (18.0%) had the least, p=0.083. Biological Science (18.0%) had the highest occurrence rate while physics and computer science (4.0%) had the least, p=0.003. The Isolates exhibited moderate to high resistance patterns against commonly used antibiotics. Half of all the isolated bacteria species were resistant to at least one agent in more than two classes of antibiotics. All the isolates showed high resistance rates against Ceftazidime, Azithromycin and Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. The level of resistance recorded in this study could be attributed to the irrational use of drug among the study population. Hence, This study underscore the need for integrating urine culture and sensitivity testing to properly manage urinary tract infections in our health facilities in order to halt the spread of antimicrobial resistance.
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