DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF 5KVA AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR
Abstract
This project focuses on the design and construction of a 5KVA Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) aimed at providing a stable output voltage despite
fluctuations from the power supply. Voltage instability is a common issue in residential, commercial, and industrial environments in Nigeria, often leading to damage or reduced efficiency of electrical appliances. The proposed AVR helps eliminate these problems by automatically correcting under-voltage and over-voltage conditions.
The system consists of major sections including the voltage sensing unit, control circuit using a microcontroller, switching mechanism using relays, and an autotransformer for voltage correction. When the input voltage deviates from the acceptable range, the microcontroller detects the anomaly and activates the appropriate relay to adjust the transformer tapping, ensuring the output remains close to 220V AC.
Construction materials include diodes, capacitors, resistors, relays, autotransformer, voltage regulator ICs (e.g., LM7805), ATmega328 microcontroller, and an LCD for voltage display. Upon testing, the AVR system responded quickly to voltage changes and successfully stabilized the output across different input conditions, proving the functionality of the design.
In conclusion, this project offers a practical solution to voltage instability problems, providing improved safety and performance for sensitive electrical appliances, especially in regions with erratic power supply.
Full-Text Access Notice
In accordance with the NERD Policy on promoting peer-reviewed publication, public access to the full text of a project, thesis or dissertation is restricted for three years, allowing the author and supervisors sufficient time to pursue peer-reviewed publication.
During this period, researchers with legitimate academic or research purposes may request authorisation directly from the author to enable NERD to release the indexed full texts of the work using the form below.