ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY OF KAZAURE DAM USING PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
Abstract
ABSTRACT
This study assessed the water quality of Kazaure Dam, Jigawa State, Nigeria, to determine its suitability for domestic and agricultural use. Water samples were collected from five points during both dry and rainy seasons and analyzed using standard APHA (2017) procedures. The parameters examined included pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, nitrate (NO₃⁻), and phosphate (PO₄³⁻). Microbiological assessment focused on total coliforms and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Results showed that pH values ranged from 6.4 to 7.4, indicating slightly acidic to neutral conditions, while DO levels (4.2–7.5 mg/L) met standard requirements for aquatic life. However, elevated BOD (3.8–5.2 mg/L), turbidity (6.5–12.8 NTU), and nutrient concentrations at certain sites reflected the influence of domUestic and agricultural runoff. The presence of E. coli and high coliform counts exceeded WHO limits, confirming microbial contamination. Comparisons with WHO (2017) and NIS 554:2015 standards showed that while most physico-chemical parameters were within acceptable limits, microbial levels and turbidity rendered the water unsuitable for direct consumption. The study concludes that Kazaure Dam water should be treated before use, and regular monitoring and public sensitization are necessary to maintain water safety and sustainability.
Keywords: Kazaure Dam, Water Quality, Physico-Chemical, Microbial Contamination, Public Health
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