INVESTIGATION OF GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES IN MUSCOVY DUCKS (CAIRINA MOSCHATA) REARED IN MIXED POULTRY SPECIES PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN MAIDUGURI, BORNO STATE, NIGERIA
Abstract
ABSTRACT This research investigated the gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in Muscovy ducks ( Cairina moschata) reared in mixed poultry species production systems in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to October 2025, involving 200 ducks and 100 poultry keepers across six districts. Fecal and intestinal samples were examined using standard parasitological techniques, while structured questionnaires captured management and risk practices. Overall prevalence of GI parasites was 41.5% (83/200; 95% CI: 34.9–48.4), with a mean burden of 1090 ± 360 EPG/OPG. Ascaridia galli was the most prevalent species (12.5%) with the highest mean intensity (15.2 ± 6.4 worms/duck), followed by Raillietina tetragona (4.5%), R. echinobothrida (3.0%), Echinostoma spp. (2.5%), and coccidia (4.0%). Infections were predominantly single-species (36.0%), with fewer mixed infections (5.5%). Seasonal analysis revealed significantly higher prevalence during the rainy season (63.0%) compared to the dry season (20.0%) (χ² = 38.08, p < 0.0001), with ducks being 2.4 times more likely to be infected. Growers were more susceptible than adults (55.9% vs. 29.0%; OR = 3.109), while females had higher prevalence and heavier burdens than males. Management practices strongly influenced infection risk, with extensive systems recording the highest prevalence (56.7%) and parasite loads, whereas coccidia predominated in intensive setups. Farmer practices highlighted frequent mixed-species rearing (86.0%), low veterinary engagement (72.0% irregular), and inconsistent deworming. These findings underscore the significant role of GI parasites in limiting Muscovy duck productivity, particularly under extensive mixed-species systems. Targeted interventions including seasonal deworming, improved biosecurity and farmer education are recommended to mitigate parasitic burdens and enhance sustainable avian farming in the region.
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