A STUDY OF LIPOSOMAL EFFECT ON TOBACCO CONTAINING DIETHYNITROSAMINE INDUCED-ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA IN MICE.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of liposomal formulations on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in mice. AML is a type of cancer that affects the bone marrow and blood, and DEN is a carcinogen that is often used to induce AML in experimental models. Liposomes are nanoscale vesicles that can encapsulate and deliver drugs to specific cells, making them a promising tool for cancer therapy. In this study, mice were treated with DEN to induce AML, and then treated with liposomal formulations containing different concentrations of a chemotherapeutic drug. The effect of the liposomal formulations on the progression of AML was assessed by measuring tumor growth, survival rate, and hematologic parameters. Phytochemical analysis revealed that ‘Extract A’ contained higher concentrations of flavonoids, phenolics, and saponins while induced ‘groups (B and C)’ showed elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, consistent with increased lipid peroxidation. Low-dose treatment ‘(Group C)’ showed higher SOD activity, suggesting a dose-dependent adaptive response, while high-dose treatment (Group D) reduced oxidative burden and stabilized redox balance. Histological analysis further confirmed biochemical findings. DEN-induced mice ‘(Group B)’ exhibited hypocellularity of bone marrow, consistent with leukemic pathology Antioxidant enzyme assays demonstrated that liposomal treatment restored catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities while preserving glutathione (GSH) levels. The results showed that the liposomal formulations significantly inhibited the growth of AML tumors in the mice, compared to the control group. The treatment also improved the survival rate of the mice and restored normal hematologic parameters. The liposomal formulations were found to be effective at lower concentrations than the free drug, indicating that the liposomal delivery system enhanced the drug's efficacy. These findings underscore that liposomal therapy significantly mitigates DEN-induced oxidative damage and hematopoietic dysfunction. Further research such as molecular studies using mechanistic approach and other nanotechnology-based therapies are needed to optimize the liposomal formulations and evaluate their efficacy in human clinical trials.