DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF SECURE DOOR ACCESS MODULE WITH FINGERPRINT, FACE, AND PIN AUTHENTICATION
Abstract
This project presents the design and development of a secure door access module integrating fingerprint, face, and PIN authentication to enhance physical access control. A Raspberry Pi 4B served as the central controller, interfaced with a Pi Camera for facial recognition, an optical fingerprint sensor for biometric verification, and a keypad for PIN (Personal Identification Number) entry. An OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) display provided user feedback, while an MFRC522 (MIFARE Reader/Writer Chip) RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) reader enabled supplementary access card authentication. The system was powered through a battery management system and buck converter, ensuring uninterrupted operation, with a relay-driven electromagnetic lock securing the door. Multi-modal authentication was implemented, requiring at least two factors (fingerprint + face, or fingerprint + PIN) before granting access. The software was developed in Python, integrating OpenCV (Open Computer Vision) for facial recognition and libraries for fingerprint and RFID processing. The buzzer and dual-color LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) were used as status indicators for authorized or denied entry. Testing demonstrated reliable performance with low false acceptance and rejection rates, confirming that multi-biometric fusion significantly strengthened access security compared to single-mode authentication. The developed prototype is cost-effective, scalable, and suitable for deployment in residential and institutional security applications.
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