DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN IOT-BASED SMART ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND OPTIMIZATION SYSTEM
Abstract
This project outlines the design and implementation of an IoT-based Smart Energy Consumption and Management System aimed at improving energy efficiency and sustainability in home or small-scale environments, the system utilizes advanced IoT technologies to monitor energy usage in real-time, optimize consumption through intelligent load prioritization, and enable remote control via a mobile application, and SMS addressing the inefficiencies of traditional energy management methods such as manual monitoring and lack of automation. The system is developed on a robust architectural framework, integrating hardware components like the ESP32 microcontroller, ZMPT101B voltage sensor, ZMCT103C current sensor, 2A and 20A solid state relays (SSRs), a 2S Battery Management System (BMS) with two 3.7V lithium-ion batteries, and LM2596 buck converters, GSM module alongside software tools including MicroPython for firmware, Flutter for the cross-platform mobile app, and MQTT for communication. Key features include automatic load shedding based on battery levels, a local LCD display for offline monitoring, and enhancements like predictive analytics proposed for future scalability. Testing of the system demonstrated significant results, including sensor accuracy within ±1% for voltage and current measurements, and a system reliability of 99% uptime over 48 hours, optimized energy use, achieving up to 45% energy savings by shedding low-priority loads at critical battery levels.
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