PHYTOCHEMICALS SCREENING AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SCENT LEAF COLLECTED FROM ZAURO WARD, BIRNIN KEBBI LOCAL AREA GOVERNMENT, KEBBI STATE
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The use of modern antibacterial medicines presents several challenges, notably related to
cost and potential adverse effects Since the beginning of time, people have used medicinal
plants in traditional and complementary medicine to cure, manage, or prevent a variety of
illnesses. The main aim of this research project is to evaluate the phytochemicals and
antibacterial properties of methanol leaves extract of Ocimum gratissimum L. The
phytochemicals were analysed using the standard methods of phytochemical analysis.
Antibacterial assay of the plant extracts was carried out on the test isolates, was determined
using diffusion method. Phytochemical screening of O. gratissimum leaves revealed the
presence of steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins however, saponins were not detected.
The extracts of O. gratissimum against the selected isolates revealed no growth (clear) in
two of the test organisms at the concentration of 200, 100, 50 and 25 mg/ml. It was observed
from the study that methanol extracts exhibit high inhibitory activities on Escherichia coli a
representative of enteric coliforms and Gram negative bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus a
representative of Gram positive bacteria. The highest zone of inhibition was observe in
e.coli which is 22mm and the lowest zone of inhibition was observe in s. Aureus which
is20mm. The leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum under this study could be an alternative
for better therapeutic agents from natural source which was believed to have fewer side
effects, less affordability, compared to the commercial antibiotics
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