EFFECT OF SAPONINS ISOLATED FROM “SENNA OCCIDENTALIS” ON LIVER PROTEINS AND ENZYMES OF ADULT WISTER RAT

ABSTRACT This research investigated the effects of saponins isolated from Senna occidentalis leaves on liver enzymes and proteins in adult Wistar rats. Senna occidentalis is known for its rich phytochemical profile, including saponins,which exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective properties. The aim was to assess the biochemical and histological impacts of saponins extracts on hepatic function. Saponins were extracted using methanol, n-hexane, and water, with methanol yielding the highest concentration (7.60%). Column chromatography was employed to isolate active components. Thirty three male Wistar rats were divided into treatment and control groups, and administered flavonoid extracts orally over a two weeks period. Liver function was evaluated by measuring serum levels of key enzymes—alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)—as well as protein expression and histological changes. The results showed that flavonoid treatment led to a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in total cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride levels, and a corresponding increase in HDL, in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that flavonoids from Senna occidentalis have hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effects, likely due to their antioxidant activity. In conclusion, Senna occidentalis flavonoids demonstrate promising therapeutic potential for managing liver dysfunction and metabolic disorders, and may serve as a natural alternative to conventional hepatoprotective agents.