EVALUATION OF PROXIMATE, ULTIMATE AND MINERAL COMPOSITION OF MANGO SEED ENDOSPERM
Abstract
This study evaluated the proximate, ultimate, and mineral composition of mango seed endosperm (Mangiferaindica L.) to determine its nutritional value and potential industrial applications. Mango seeds were collected from AngwanRukuba, Jos, Nigeria, processed, and analyzed using standard analytical methods. Proximate analysis revealed carbohydrate (63.58%), crude fat (17.00%), moisture (9.80%), crude fiber (4.38%), ash (2.44%), and crude protein (2.80%) contents, indicating that the seed endosperm is predominantly carbohydrate- and lipid-rich. Ultimate analysis showed carbon (46.11%), hydrogen (5.87%), nitrogen (2.43%), sulfur (0.98%), and oxygen (44.62%), suggesting high energy potential and environmental suitability for biofuel production due to low sulfur content. Mineral analysis identified potassium (4.02 mg/L) and calcium (2.15 mg/L) as the dominant elements, with moderate levels of sodium (0.71 mg/L) and magnesium (0.53 mg/L), alongside trace amounts of iron, zinc, manganese, copper, and nickel. The compositional data collectively demonstrate that mango seed endosperm is a nutrient-dense and energy-rich agro-waste capable of serving as a valuable raw material for food, feed, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and renewable energy industries. Valorization of this by-product will not only promote sustainable waste management but also contribute to circular economy initiatives and industrial resource diversification in mango-producing regions
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