EVALUATING THE HEALTH RISKS OF HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN OLOGE RIVER USING INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA-OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY (ICP-OES) TECHNIQUES
Abstract
he research assessed heavy metal contamination in Ologe Lagoon water and three commercially important fish species—Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), Silver Catfish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus), and Chinos. Physicochemical properties including pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, conductivity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), alkalinity, hardness, and total dissolved solids were determined. Heavy metal analysis using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) revealed elevated concentrations of several toxic metals, including lead (Pb), arsenic (As), uranium (U), selenium (Se), and aluminum (Al). Health risk assessment using Hazard Quotient (HQ), Hazard Index (HI), and Cancer Risk Index (CRI) demonstrated that children are more vulnerable than adults to both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects of exposure through fish consumption. Tilapia accumulated the highest metal concentrations and posed the greatest health risk. The study recommends continuous environmental monitoring, stricter pollution control, and public awareness to protect ecosystem and human health.
Full-Text Access Notice
In accordance with the NERD Policy on promoting peer-reviewed publication, public access to the full text of a project, thesis or dissertation is restricted for three years, allowing the author and supervisors sufficient time to pursue peer-reviewed publication.
During this period, researchers with legitimate academic or research purposes may request authorisation directly from the author to enable NERD to release the indexed full texts of the work using the form below.