ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF LEMON (CITRUS LIMON) PEEL OIL AGAINST SOME BACTERIA ISOLATE
Abstract
The increasing resistance of bacteria to conventional antibiotics has necessitated the search for alternative antimicrobial agents from natural sources. This study investigates the antimicrobial activity of Citrus limon (lemon) peel extract against selected clinical bacterial isolates. The study also includes phytochemical screening to determine the bioactive components responsible for the antimicrobial effects. The phytochemical analysis of the lemon peel extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, anthraquinones, quinones, and glycosides in both ethanolic and aqueous extracts, whereas tannins were present only in the ethanolic extract.
The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Proteus species. Results showed that both ethanolic and aqueous extracts exhibited no inhibition against the test organisms at tested concentrations (100, 75, 50, and 25 mg/ml). However, the standard antibiotic (ciprofloxacin, 500 mg/ml) exhibited significant inhibition, with zones of inhibition measuring 19 mm, 22 mm, and 23 mm for E. coli, S. aureus, and Proteus spp., respectively.
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